home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
/ TIME: Almanac 1993 / TIME Almanac 1993.iso / time / caps / 60s / 60coldw < prev    next >
Unknown  |  1992-10-19  |  23.4 KB

open in: MacOS 8.1     |     Win98     |     DOS

view JSON data     |     view as text


This file was not able to be converted.
This format is not currently supported by dexvert.

ConfidenceProgramDetectionMatch TypeSupport
100% file data default
45% TrID MP3 audio (ID3 v1.x tag) default (weak)
36% TrID Atari XE Executable default (weak)
18% TrID MP3 audio default (weak)



hex view
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |........|........|
|00000010| b8 1f b9 1f ba 1f c1 11 | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |........|........|
|00000020| ff ff 9a 00 89 00 ff ff | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |........|........|
|00000030| ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |........|........|
|00000040| ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |........|........|
|00000050| 43 6f 6c 64 20 57 61 72 | 20 43 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e |Cold War| Contain|
|00000060| 65 64 0d 0a 0d 0a 0d 0a | 20 20 5b 41 74 20 74 68 |ed......| [At th|
|00000070| 65 20 73 74 61 72 74 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 31 |e start |of the 1|
|00000080| 39 36 30 73 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 20 |960s, th|e world |
|00000090| 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 74 72 | 65 6d 62 6c 65 64 20 75 |still tr|embled u|
|000000a0| 6e 64 65 72 20 74 68 65 | 0d 0a 70 61 6c 6c 20 6f |nder the|..pall o|
|000000b0| 66 20 61 74 6f 6d 69 63 | 20 74 65 72 72 6f 72 2c |f atomic| terror,|
|000000c0| 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 | 20 76 65 72 79 20 72 65 | and the| very re|
|000000d0| 61 6c 20 70 6f 73 73 69 | 62 69 6c 69 74 79 20 6f |al possi|bility o|
|000000e0| 66 20 6e 75 63 6c 65 61 | 72 0d 0a 77 61 72 20 77 |f nuclea|r..war w|
|000000f0| 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 | 53 6f 76 69 65 74 20 55 |ith the |Soviet U|
|00000100| 6e 69 6f 6e 20 64 6f 6d | 69 6e 61 74 65 64 20 74 |nion dom|inated t|
|00000110| 68 65 20 66 6f 72 65 69 | 67 6e 20 70 6f 6c 69 63 |he forei|gn polic|
|00000120| 79 0d 0a 64 65 6c 69 62 | 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 |y..delib|erations|
|00000130| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 55 2e 53 2e 20 61 6e 64 | of the |U.S. and|
|00000140| 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 46 | 72 65 65 20 57 6f 72 6c | other F|ree Worl|
|00000150| 64 20 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e | 73 2e 20 41 74 0d 0a 62 |d nation|s. At..b|
|00000160| 6f 72 64 65 72 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 74 72 6f 75 62 |orders a|nd troub|
|00000170| 6c 65 20 73 70 6f 74 73 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 45 75 |le spots| from Eu|
|00000180| 72 6f 70 65 27 73 20 49 | 72 6f 6e 20 43 75 72 74 |rope's I|ron Curt|
|00000190| 61 69 6e 20 74 6f 20 4b | 6f 72 65 61 27 73 0d 0a |ain to K|orea's..|
|000001a0| 44 65 6d 69 6c 69 74 61 | 72 69 7a 65 64 20 5a 6f |Demilita|rized Zo|
|000001b0| 6e 65 2c 20 77 68 65 72 | 65 76 65 72 20 74 68 65 |ne, wher|ever the|
|000001c0| 20 73 75 70 65 72 70 6f | 77 65 72 73 20 6f 72 20 | superpo|wers or |
|000001d0| 74 68 65 69 72 20 61 6c | 6c 69 65 73 20 61 6e 64 |their al|lies and|
|000001e0| 0d 0a 73 61 74 65 6c 6c | 69 74 65 73 20 63 6f 6e |..satell|ites con|
|000001f0| 66 72 6f 6e 74 65 64 20 | 65 61 63 68 20 6f 74 68 |fronted |each oth|
|00000200| 65 72 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 74 68 72 65 61 74 20 68 |er, the |threat h|
|00000210| 6f 76 65 72 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 62 |overed i|n the..b|
|00000220| 61 63 6b 67 72 6f 75 6e | 64 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 |ackgroun|d..... |
|00000230| 42 75 74 20 74 68 65 72 | 65 20 77 65 72 65 20 68 |But ther|e were h|
|00000240| 69 6e 74 73 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 61 77 2e 20 54 68 |ints of |thaw. Th|
|00000250| 65 20 74 77 6f 20 63 6f | 75 6e 74 72 69 65 73 20 |e two co|untries |
|00000260| 68 61 64 20 6d 61 6e 61 | 67 65 64 0d 0a 74 6f 20 |had mana|ged..to |
|00000270| 6f 62 73 65 72 76 65 20 | 61 6e 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 |observe |an infor|
|00000280| 6d 61 6c 20 6d 6f 72 61 | 74 6f 72 69 75 6d 20 6f |mal mora|torium o|
|00000290| 6e 20 6e 75 63 6c 65 61 | 72 20 74 65 73 74 20 73 |n nuclea|r test s|
|000002a0| 69 6e 63 65 20 31 39 35 | 38 2e 0d 0a 41 66 74 65 |ince 195|8...Afte|
|000002b0| 72 20 56 69 63 65 20 50 | 72 65 73 69 64 65 6e 74 |r Vice P|resident|
|000002c0| 20 4e 69 78 6f 6e 20 74 | 6f 75 72 65 64 20 74 68 | Nixon t|oured th|
|000002d0| 65 20 53 6f 76 69 65 74 | 20 55 6e 69 6f 6e 20 61 |e Soviet| Union a|
|000002e0| 6e 64 0d 0a 4b 68 72 75 | 73 68 63 68 65 76 20 6d |nd..Khru|shchev m|
|000002f0| 65 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 50 72 65 73 69 64 65 6e |et with |Presiden|
|00000300| 74 20 45 69 73 65 6e 68 | 6f 77 65 72 20 61 74 20 |t Eisenh|ower at |
|00000310| 43 61 6d 70 20 44 61 76 | 69 64 20 69 6e 20 31 39 |Camp Dav|id in 19|
|00000320| 35 39 2c 0d 0a 74 68 65 | 20 74 77 6f 20 63 6f 75 |59,..the| two cou|
|00000330| 6e 74 72 69 65 73 20 61 | 67 72 65 65 64 20 74 6f |ntries a|greed to|
|00000340| 20 61 74 74 65 6e 64 20 | 61 20 73 75 6d 6d 69 74 | attend |a summit|
|00000350| 20 6d 65 65 74 69 6e 67 | 20 69 6e 20 50 61 72 69 | meeting| in Pari|
|00000360| 73 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 66 | 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 |s the..f|ollowing|
|00000370| 20 4d 61 79 2e 20 4f 6e | 6c 79 20 65 6c 65 76 65 | May. On|ly eleve|
|00000380| 6e 20 64 61 79 73 20 62 | 65 66 6f 72 65 20 74 68 |n days b|efore th|
|00000390| 65 20 63 6f 6e 66 65 72 | 65 6e 63 65 2c 0d 0a 4b |e confer|ence,..K|
|000003a0| 68 72 75 73 68 63 68 65 | 76 20 61 6e 6e 6f 75 6e |hrushche|v announ|
|000003b0| 63 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 75 6e 63 6f 6e 63 65 |ced with| unconce|
|000003c0| 61 6c 65 64 20 67 6c 65 | 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 |aled gle|e that t|
|000003d0| 68 65 20 53 6f 76 69 65 | 74 73 20 68 61 64 0d 0a |he Sovie|ts had..|
|000003e0| 73 68 6f 74 20 64 6f 77 | 6e 20 61 6e 20 41 6d 65 |shot dow|n an Ame|
|000003f0| 72 69 63 61 6e 20 73 70 | 79 20 70 6c 61 6e 65 20 |rican sp|y plane |
|00000400| 6f 76 65 72 20 52 75 73 | 73 69 61 6e 20 74 65 72 |over Rus|sian ter|
|00000410| 72 69 74 6f 72 79 2e 5d | 0d 0a 0d 0a 0d 0a 28 4d |ritory.]|......(M|
|00000420| 61 79 20 31 36 2c 20 31 | 39 36 30 29 0d 0a 0d 0a |ay 16, 1|960)....|
|00000430| 20 20 54 68 65 20 6c 6f | 77 20 62 6c 61 63 6b 20 | The lo|w black |
|00000440| 70 6c 61 6e 65 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 68 |plane wi|th the h|
|00000450| 69 67 68 20 74 61 69 6c | 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 65 64 20 |igh tail| looked |
|00000460| 6f 75 74 20 6f 66 20 70 | 6c 61 63 65 0d 0a 61 6d |out of p|lace..am|
|00000470| 6f 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 68 69 6e 79 20 6d 69 |ong the |shiny mi|
|00000480| 6c 69 74 61 72 79 20 6a | 65 74 73 20 63 72 6f 77 |litary j|ets crow|
|00000490| 64 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | 20 55 2e 53 2e 20 41 69 |ding the| U.S. Ai|
|000004a0| 72 20 46 6f 72 63 65 20 | 62 61 73 65 0d 0a 61 74 |r Force |base..at|
|000004b0| 20 49 6e 63 69 72 6c 69 | 6b 2c 20 6e 65 61 72 20 | Incirli|k, near |
|000004c0| 41 64 61 6e 61 2c 20 54 | 75 72 6b 65 79 2e 20 49 |Adana, T|urkey. I|
|000004d0| 74 73 20 77 69 64 65 20 | 77 69 6e 67 73 20 64 72 |ts wide |wings dr|
|000004e0| 6f 6f 70 65 64 20 77 69 | 74 68 0d 0a 64 65 6c 69 |ooped wi|th..deli|
|000004f0| 63 61 74 65 20 6c 61 6e | 67 75 6f 72 2d 2d 6c 69 |cate lan|guor--li|
|00000500| 6b 65 20 61 20 73 71 75 | 61 74 74 69 6e 67 20 73 |ke a squ|atting s|
|00000510| 65 61 67 75 6c 6c 2c 20 | 74 6f 6f 20 73 70 65 6e |eagull, |too spen|
|00000520| 74 20 74 6f 20 66 6c 79 | 2e 0d 0a 49 74 73 20 70 |t to fly|...Its p|
|00000530| 69 6c 6f 74 20 73 65 65 | 6d 65 64 20 65 71 75 61 |ilot see|med equa|
|00000540| 6c 6c 79 20 6f 64 64 3a | 20 61 20 64 61 72 6b 2c |lly odd:| a dark,|
|00000550| 20 61 6c 6f 6f 66 20 79 | 6f 75 6e 67 20 6d 61 6e | aloof y|oung man|
|00000560| 20 77 68 6f 20 77 6f 72 | 65 0d 0a 61 20 72 65 67 | who wor|e..a reg|
|00000570| 75 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 66 6c 79 69 6e 67 20 73 |ulation |flying s|
|00000580| 75 69 74 20 61 6e 64 20 | 68 65 6c 6d 65 74 20 62 |uit and |helmet b|
|00000590| 75 74 20 6e 6f 20 6d 61 | 72 6b 69 6e 67 73 2c 20 |ut no ma|rkings, |
|000005a0| 61 6e 64 20 68 61 64 20 | 61 0d 0a 72 65 76 6f 6c |and had |a..revol|
|000005b0| 76 65 72 20 6f 6e 20 68 | 69 73 20 68 69 70 2e 20 |ver on h|is hip. |
|000005c0| 50 69 6c 6f 74 20 46 72 | 61 6e 63 69 73 20 47 61 |Pilot Fr|ancis Ga|
|000005d0| 72 79 20 50 6f 77 65 72 | 73 2c 20 33 30 2c 20 63 |ry Power|s, 30, c|
|000005e0| 6c 69 6d 62 65 64 20 69 | 6e 74 6f 0d 0a 74 68 65 |limbed i|nto..the|
|000005f0| 20 6f 6e 65 2d 6d 61 6e | 20 63 6f 63 6b 70 69 74 | one-man| cockpit|
|00000600| 2c 20 67 75 6e 6e 65 64 | 20 74 68 65 20 62 6c 61 |, gunned| the bla|
|00000610| 63 6b 20 73 68 69 70 27 | 73 20 73 69 6e 67 6c 65 |ck ship'|s single|
|00000620| 20 65 6e 67 69 6e 65 2c | 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a 61 73 | engine,| and..as|
|00000630| 20 74 68 65 20 70 6c 61 | 6e 65 20 63 6c 69 6d 62 | the pla|ne climb|
|00000640| 65 64 20 74 6f 77 61 72 | 64 20 74 61 6b 65 6f 66 |ed towar|d takeof|
|00000650| 66 20 73 70 65 65 64 2c | 20 74 68 65 20 77 69 64 |f speed,| the wid|
|00000660| 65 20 77 69 6e 67 73 0d | 0a 73 74 69 66 66 65 6e |e wings.|.stiffen|
|00000670| 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 74 | 68 65 20 61 77 6b 77 61 |ed and t|he awkwa|
|00000680| 72 64 20 6f 75 74 72 69 | 67 67 65 72 20 77 68 65 |rd outri|gger whe|
|00000690| 65 6c 73 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 68 61 64 20 73 65 72 |els that| had ser|
|000006a0| 76 65 64 20 61 73 0d 0a | 67 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 73 |ved as..|ground s|
|000006b0| 75 70 70 6f 72 74 20 64 | 72 6f 70 70 65 64 20 61 |upport d|ropped a|
|000006c0| 77 61 79 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a | 20 20 53 74 65 61 64 69 |way.....| Steadi|
|000006d0| 6c 79 20 74 68 65 20 70 | 6c 61 6e 65 20 63 6c 69 |ly the p|lane cli|
|000006e0| 6d 62 65 64 2d 2d 62 65 | 79 6f 6e 64 20 74 68 65 |mbed--be|yond the|
|000006f0| 20 63 65 69 6c 69 6e 67 | 20 6f 66 20 74 72 61 6e | ceiling| of tran|
|00000700| 73 70 6f 72 74 73 2c 0d | 0a 62 65 79 6f 6e 64 20 |sports,.|.beyond |
|00000710| 74 68 65 20 63 65 69 6c | 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 62 |the ceil|ing of b|
|00000720| 6f 6d 62 65 72 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 69 6e 74 65 72 |ombers a|nd inter|
|00000730| 63 65 70 74 6f 72 73 2c | 20 75 70 20 74 68 72 6f |ceptors,| up thro|
|00000740| 75 67 68 0d 0a 36 30 2c | 30 30 30 20 66 74 2e 2c |ugh..60,|000 ft.,|
|00000750| 20 62 65 79 6f 6e 64 20 | 74 68 65 20 72 65 61 63 | beyond |the reac|
|00000760| 68 20 6f 66 20 61 6e 79 | 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 6f |h of any| other o|
|00000770| 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e | 61 6c 20 63 72 61 66 74 |peration|al craft|
|00000780| 20 61 6e 64 2c 0d 0a 61 | 73 20 66 61 72 20 61 73 | and,..a|s far as|
|00000790| 20 74 68 65 20 70 69 6c | 6f 74 20 6b 6e 65 77 2c | the pil|ot knew,|
|000007a0| 20 6f 66 20 61 6e 74 69 | 61 69 72 63 72 61 66 74 | of anti|aircraft|
|000007b0| 20 66 69 72 65 20 61 73 | 20 77 65 6c 6c 2e 0d 0a | fire as| well...|
|000007c0| 0d 0a 20 20 46 72 61 6e | 63 69 73 20 50 6f 77 65 |.. Fran|cis Powe|
|000007d0| 72 73 20 77 61 73 20 6f | 6e 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 74 |rs was o|n an int|
|000007e0| 65 6c 6c 69 67 65 6e 63 | 65 20 6d 69 73 73 69 6f |elligenc|e missio|
|000007f0| 6e 2c 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 | 6d 61 6e 79 0d 0a 75 6e |n, like |many..un|
|00000800| 73 75 6e 67 20 70 69 6c | 6f 74 73 20 62 65 66 6f |sung pil|ots befo|
|00000810| 72 65 20 68 69 6d 2e 0d | 0a 0d 0a 20 20 42 75 74 |re him..|... But|
|00000820| 20 50 69 6c 6f 74 20 50 | 6f 77 65 72 73 20 68 61 | Pilot P|owers ha|
|00000830| 64 20 62 61 64 20 6c 75 | 63 6b 3a 20 68 65 20 67 |d bad lu|ck: he g|
|00000840| 6f 74 20 63 61 75 67 68 | 74 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 53 |ot caugh|t, and S|
|00000850| 6f 76 69 65 74 0d 0a 50 | 72 65 6d 69 65 72 20 4e |oviet..P|remier N|
|00000860| 69 6b 69 74 61 20 4b 68 | 72 75 73 68 63 68 65 76 |ikita Kh|rushchev|
|00000870| 20 73 61 79 73 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 68 65 20 74 61 | says th|at he ta|
|00000880| 6c 6b 65 64 2e 20 54 68 | 75 73 20 4b 68 72 75 73 |lked. Th|us Khrus|
|00000890| 68 63 68 65 76 0d 0a 68 | 61 64 20 74 68 65 20 63 |hchev..h|ad the c|
|000008a0| 68 61 6e 63 65 20 74 6f | 20 74 65 6c 6c 20 74 68 |hance to| tell th|
|000008b0| 65 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 20 | 61 62 6f 75 74 20 74 68 |e world |about th|
|000008c0| 65 20 55 2d 32 27 73 20 | 6d 69 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 |e U-2's |mission |
|000008d0| 6c 61 73 74 0d 0a 77 65 | 65 6b 2d 2d 77 69 74 68 |last..we|ek--with|
|000008e0| 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 | 20 65 6d 62 65 6c 6c 69 | all the| embelli|
|000008f0| 73 68 6d 65 6e 74 20 61 | 6e 64 20 64 69 73 74 6f |shment a|nd disto|
|00000900| 72 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 62 65 73 74 20 |rtion th|at best |
|00000910| 73 75 69 74 65 64 0d 0a | 68 69 73 20 63 61 73 65 |suited..|his case|
|00000920| 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 41 | 66 74 65 72 20 74 61 6b |..... A|fter tak|
|00000930| 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 66 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 20 68 69 73 |ing off |from his|
|00000940| 20 62 61 73 65 20 69 6e | 20 54 75 72 6b 65 79 20 | base in| Turkey |
|00000950| 6f 6e 20 41 70 72 69 6c | 20 32 37 2c 20 73 61 69 |on April| 27, sai|
|00000960| 64 0d 0a 4b 68 72 75 73 | 68 63 68 65 76 2c 20 50 |d..Khrus|hchev, P|
|00000970| 6f 77 65 72 73 20 66 6c | 65 77 20 61 63 72 6f 73 |owers fl|ew acros|
|00000980| 73 20 74 68 65 20 73 6f | 75 74 68 65 72 6e 20 62 |s the so|uthern b|
|00000990| 6f 75 6e 64 61 72 79 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 0d 0a |oundary |of the..|
|000009a0| 55 2e 53 2e 53 2e 52 2e | 20 74 6f 20 50 65 73 68 |U.S.S.R.| to Pesh|
|000009b0| 61 77 61 72 20 69 6e 20 | 50 61 6b 69 73 74 61 6e |awar in |Pakistan|
|000009c0| 2e 20 46 72 6f 6d 20 74 | 68 65 72 65 2c 20 6f 6e |. From t|here, on|
|000009d0| 20 4d 61 79 20 31 2c 20 | 68 65 20 74 6f 6f 6b 0d | May 1, |he took.|
|000009e0| 0a 6f 66 66 20 6f 6e 20 | 61 20 72 65 63 6f 6e 6e |.off on |a reconn|
|000009f0| 61 69 73 73 61 6e 63 65 | 20 66 6c 69 67 68 74 20 |aissance| flight |
|00000a00| 74 68 61 74 20 77 61 73 | 20 73 75 70 70 6f 73 65 |that was| suppose|
|00000a10| 64 20 74 6f 20 74 61 6b | 65 20 68 69 6d 20 75 70 |d to tak|e him up|
|00000a20| 0d 0a 74 68 65 20 55 72 | 61 6c 20 4d 6f 75 6e 74 |..the Ur|al Mount|
|00000a30| 61 69 6e 73 20 74 6f 20 | 4d 75 72 6d 61 6e 73 6b |ains to |Murmansk|
|00000a40| 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 4b 6f 6c 61 20 50 65 6e | on the |Kola Pen|
|00000a50| 69 6e 73 75 6c 61 20 74 | 6f 20 61 0d 0a 6c 61 6e |insula t|o a..lan|
|00000a60| 64 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 | 4e 6f 72 77 61 79 2e 20 |ding in |Norway. |
|00000a70| 53 6f 76 69 65 74 20 72 | 61 64 61 72 20 74 72 61 |Soviet r|adar tra|
|00000a80| 63 6b 65 64 20 68 69 6d | 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 |cked him| all the|
|00000a90| 20 77 61 79 2c 20 61 6e | 64 0d 0a 6f 76 65 72 20 | way, an|d..over |
|00000aa0| 53 76 65 72 64 6c 6f 76 | 73 6b 2c 20 6f 6e 20 4b |Sverdlov|sk, on K|
|00000ab0| 68 72 75 73 68 63 68 65 | 76 27 73 20 70 65 72 73 |hrushche|v's pers|
|00000ac0| 6f 6e 61 6c 20 6f 72 64 | 65 72 2c 20 68 65 20 77 |onal ord|er, he w|
|00000ad0| 61 73 20 73 68 6f 74 0d | 0a 64 6f 77 6e 20 61 74 |as shot.|.down at|
|00000ae0| 20 36 35 2c 30 30 30 20 | 66 74 2e 20 62 79 20 61 | 65,000 |ft. by a|
|00000af0| 20 53 6f 76 69 65 74 20 | 67 72 6f 75 6e 64 2d 74 | Soviet |ground-t|
|00000b00| 6f 2d 61 69 72 20 72 6f | 63 6b 65 74 2e 20 50 69 |o-air ro|cket. Pi|
|00000b10| 6c 6f 74 0d 0a 50 6f 77 | 65 72 73 2c 20 73 61 69 |lot..Pow|ers, sai|
|00000b20| 64 20 4b 68 72 75 73 68 | 63 68 65 76 2c 20 64 65 |d Khrush|chev, de|
|00000b30| 63 6c 69 6e 65 64 20 74 | 6f 20 66 69 72 65 20 68 |clined t|o fire h|
|00000b40| 69 73 20 65 6a 65 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 73 65 61 74 |is eject|ion seat|
|00000b50| 0d 0a 62 65 63 61 75 73 | 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 77 |..becaus|e that w|
|00000b60| 6f 75 6c 64 20 68 61 76 | 65 20 62 6c 6f 77 6e 20 |ould hav|e blown |
|00000b70| 75 70 20 68 69 73 20 70 | 6c 61 6e 65 2c 20 69 74 |up his p|lane, it|
|00000b80| 73 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 | 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 69 6f |s instru|mentatio|
|00000b90| 6e 0d 0a 61 6e 64 20 70 | 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 79 20 |n..and p|ossibly |
|00000ba0| 50 6f 77 65 72 73 20 68 | 69 6d 73 65 6c 66 2e 20 |Powers h|imself. |
|00000bb0| 49 6e 73 74 65 61 64 2c | 20 68 65 20 63 6c 69 6d |Instead,| he clim|
|00000bc0| 62 65 64 20 6f 75 74 20 | 6f 66 20 68 69 73 0d 0a |bed out |of his..|
|00000bd0| 63 6f 63 6b 70 69 74 2c | 20 70 61 72 61 63 68 75 |cockpit,| parachu|
|00000be0| 74 65 64 20 74 6f 20 65 | 61 72 74 68 20 61 6e 64 |ted to e|arth and|
|00000bf0| 20 77 61 73 20 63 61 70 | 74 75 72 65 64 2c 20 77 | was cap|tured, w|
|00000c00| 68 69 6c 65 20 68 69 73 | 20 70 6c 61 6e 65 0d 0a |hile his| plane..|
|00000c10| 63 72 61 73 68 65 64 20 | 6e 65 61 72 20 62 79 2e |crashed |near by.|
|00000c20| 0d 0a 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 | 5b 41 6c 74 68 6f 75 67 |...... |[Althoug|
|00000c30| 68 20 45 69 73 65 6e 68 | 6f 77 65 72 20 69 6e 73 |h Eisenh|ower ins|
|00000c40| 69 73 74 65 64 20 6f 6e | 20 61 73 73 75 6d 69 6e |isted on| assumin|
|00000c50| 67 20 66 75 6c 6c 20 72 | 65 73 70 6f 6e 73 69 62 |g full r|esponsib|
|00000c60| 69 6c 69 74 79 0d 0a 66 | 6f 72 20 50 6f 77 65 72 |ility..f|or Power|
|00000c70| 73 27 20 66 6c 69 67 68 | 74 2c 20 68 65 20 72 65 |s' fligh|t, he re|
|00000c80| 66 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 79 69 65 6c 64 20 74 |fused to| yield t|
|00000c90| 6f 20 4b 68 72 75 73 68 | 63 68 65 76 27 73 20 64 |o Khrush|chev's d|
|00000ca0| 65 6d 61 6e 64 0d 0a 69 | 6e 20 50 61 72 69 73 20 |emand..i|n Paris |
|00000cb0| 66 6f 72 20 61 6e 20 61 | 62 6a 65 63 74 20 61 70 |for an a|bject ap|
|00000cc0| 6f 6c 6f 67 79 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 73 |ology, a|nd the s|
|00000cd0| 75 6d 6d 69 74 20 63 6f | 6c 6c 61 70 73 65 64 2e |ummit co|llapsed.|
|00000ce0| 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 41 73 | 20 72 65 76 6f 6c 75 74 |.... As| revolut|
|00000cf0| 69 6f 6e 61 72 79 20 43 | 75 62 61 20 75 6e 64 65 |ionary C|uba unde|
|00000d00| 72 20 74 68 65 20 72 75 | 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 46 69 |r the ru|le of Fi|
|00000d10| 64 65 6c 20 43 61 73 74 | 72 6f 20 65 6d 65 72 67 |del Cast|ro emerg|
|00000d20| 65 64 0d 0a 61 73 20 61 | 20 43 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 |ed..as a| Communi|
|00000d30| 73 74 20 74 79 72 61 6e | 6e 79 20 61 6e 64 20 53 |st tyran|ny and S|
|00000d40| 6f 76 69 65 74 20 73 61 | 74 65 6c 6c 69 74 65 2c |oviet sa|tellite,|
|00000d50| 20 74 68 65 20 55 2e 53 | 2e 20 73 74 6f 6f 64 20 | the U.S|. stood |
|00000d60| 62 79 0d 0a 68 65 6c 70 | 6c 65 73 73 6c 79 2c 20 |by..help|lessly, |
|00000d70| 75 6e 77 69 6c 6c 69 6e | 67 20 74 6f 20 69 6e 63 |unwillin|g to inc|
|00000d80| 75 72 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 | 20 64 69 73 61 70 70 72 |ur world| disappr|
|00000d90| 6f 62 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 62 79 20 66 6f 72 63 69 |obation |by forci|
|00000da0| 62 6c 79 0d 0a 69 6e 74 | 65 72 76 65 6e 69 6e 67 |bly..int|ervening|
|00000db0| 20 69 6e 20 4c 61 74 69 | 6e 20 41 6d 65 72 69 63 | in Lati|n Americ|
|00000dc0| 61 20 79 65 74 20 61 67 | 61 69 6e 2e 20 42 75 74 |a yet ag|ain. But|
|00000dd0| 20 77 68 65 6e 20 4a 6f | 68 6e 20 4b 65 6e 6e 65 | when Jo|hn Kenne|
|00000de0| 64 79 0d 0a 74 6f 6f 6b | 20 6f 66 66 69 63 65 20 |dy..took| office |
|00000df0| 69 6e 20 31 39 36 31 2c | 20 68 65 20 6c 65 61 72 |in 1961,| he lear|
|00000e00| 6e 65 64 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 43 49 41 |ned that| the CIA|
|00000e10| 20 68 61 64 20 62 65 65 | 6e 20 74 72 61 69 6e 69 | had bee|n traini|
|00000e20| 6e 67 0d 0a 43 75 62 61 | 6e 20 63 6f 75 6e 74 65 |ng..Cuba|n counte|
|00000e30| 72 72 65 76 6f 6c 75 74 | 69 6f 6e 61 72 69 65 73 |rrevolut|ionaries|
|00000e40| 20 66 6f 72 20 61 6e 20 | 69 6e 76 61 73 69 6f 6e | for an |invasion|
|00000e50| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 69 73 6c 61 6e 64 2e 20 | of the |island. |
|00000e60| 48 65 0d 0a 68 61 64 20 | 64 65 65 70 20 6d 69 73 |He..had |deep mis|
|00000e70| 67 69 76 69 6e 67 73 20 | 61 62 6f 75 74 20 74 68 |givings |about th|
|00000e80| 65 20 70 6c 61 6e 2c 20 | 62 75 74 20 72 65 6c 75 |e plan, |but relu|
|00000e90| 63 74 61 6e 74 6c 79 20 | 77 65 6e 74 20 61 6c 6f |ctantly |went alo|
|00000ea0| 6e 67 2e 5d 0d 0a 0d 0a | 28 41 70 72 69 6c 20 32 |ng.]....|(April 2|
|00000eb0| 38 2c 20 31 39 36 31 29 | 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 41 74 |8, 1961)|.... At|
|00000ec0| 20 74 68 65 20 42 61 79 | 20 6f 66 20 50 69 67 73 | the Bay| of Pigs|
|00000ed0| 2c 20 6f 6e 20 43 75 62 | 61 27 73 20 73 6f 75 74 |, on Cub|a's sout|
|00000ee0| 68 20 63 6f 61 73 74 2c | 20 61 20 66 6f 72 63 65 |h coast,| a force|
|00000ef0| 20 6f 66 20 31 2c 33 30 | 30 0d 0a 77 65 6c 6c 2d | of 1,30|0..well-|
|00000f00| 61 72 6d 65 64 2c 20 77 | 65 6c 6c 2d 74 72 61 69 |armed, w|ell-trai|
|00000f10| 6e 65 64 20 61 6e 74 69 | 2d 43 61 73 74 72 6f 20 |ned anti|-Castro |
|00000f20| 66 72 65 65 64 6f 6d 20 | 66 69 67 68 74 65 72 73 |freedom |fighters|
|00000f30| 20 6c 61 73 74 20 77 65 | 65 6b 0d 0a 6c 61 75 6e | last we|ek..laun|
|00000f40| 63 68 65 64 20 61 20 6d | 61 6a 6f 72 20 63 61 6d |ched a m|ajor cam|
|00000f50| 70 61 69 67 6e 20 74 6f | 20 72 69 64 20 74 68 65 |paign to| rid the|
|00000f60| 69 72 20 68 6f 6d 65 6c | 61 6e 64 20 6f 66 20 43 |ir homel|and of C|
|00000f70| 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 74 | 0d 0a 64 69 63 74 61 74 |ommunist|..dictat|
|00000f80| 6f 72 73 68 69 70 2e 20 | 54 68 65 79 20 77 65 72 |orship. |They wer|
|00000f90| 65 20 64 65 66 65 61 74 | 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 69 |e defeat|ed withi|
|00000fa0| 6e 20 74 77 6f 20 64 61 | 79 73 20 62 79 20 61 0d |n two da|ys by a.|
|00000fb0| 0a 62 65 74 74 65 72 2d | 61 72 6d 65 64 2c 20 62 |.better-|armed, b|
|00000fc0| 65 74 74 65 72 2d 6c 65 | 64 20 65 6e 65 6d 79 2c |etter-le|d enemy,|
|00000fd0| 20 77 68 6f 20 77 69 74 | 68 73 74 6f 6f 64 20 74 | who wit|hstood t|
|00000fe0| 68 65 69 72 20 61 74 74 | 61 63 6b 20 61 6e 64 0d |heir att|ack and.|
|00000ff0| 0a 64 65 6c 69 76 65 72 | 65 64 20 61 20 63 72 75 |.deliver|ed a cru|
|00001000| 73 68 69 6e 67 20 63 6f | 75 6e 74 65 72 62 6c 6f |shing co|unterblo|
|00001010| 77 2e 20 54 68 65 20 64 | 65 66 65 61 74 2c 20 61 |w. The d|efeat, a|
|00001020| 73 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 | 65 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 0d |s all th|e world.|
|00001030| 0a 73 65 6e 73 65 64 2c | 20 77 61 73 20 61 20 74 |.sensed,| was a t|
|00001040| 72 61 67 65 64 79 20 6e | 6f 74 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 |ragedy n|ot only |
|00001050| 66 6f 72 20 43 75 62 61 | 27 73 20 65 78 69 6c 65 |for Cuba|'s exile|
|00001060| 73 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 6f 70 65 72 |s..... |The oper|
|00001070| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 73 74 | 61 72 74 65 64 20 77 69 |ation st|arted wi|
|00001080| 74 68 20 61 20 73 75 72 | 70 72 69 73 65 20 61 74 |th a sur|prise at|
|00001090| 74 61 63 6b 20 62 79 20 | 42 2d 32 36 20 6c 69 67 |tack by |B-26 lig|
|000010a0| 68 74 0d 0a 62 6f 6d 62 | 65 72 73 20 6f 6e 20 43 |ht..bomb|ers on C|
|000010b0| 75 62 61 6e 20 61 69 72 | 70 6f 72 74 73 20 77 68 |uban air|ports wh|
|000010c0| 65 72 65 20 52 75 73 73 | 69 61 6e 20 4d 49 47 2d |ere Russ|ian MIG-|
|000010d0| 31 35 73 20 77 65 72 65 | 20 72 65 70 6f 72 74 65 |15s were| reporte|
|000010e0| 64 6c 79 0d 0a 62 65 69 | 6e 67 20 75 6e 63 72 61 |dly..bei|ng uncra|
|000010f0| 74 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 | 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 |ted and |assemble|
|00001100| 64 2e 20 49 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 62 65 73 74 20 63 |d. In th|e best c|
|00001110| 6c 6f 61 6b 20 61 6e 64 | 20 64 61 67 67 65 72 0d |loak and| dagger.|
|00001120| 0a 74 72 61 64 69 74 69 | 6f 6e 2c 20 74 6f 20 6c |.traditi|on, to l|
|00001130| 65 6e 64 20 63 72 65 64 | 65 6e 63 65 20 74 6f 20 |end cred|ence to |
|00001140| 61 20 63 6f 76 65 72 20 | 73 74 6f 72 79 20 74 68 |a cover |story th|
|00001150| 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 62 | 6f 6d 62 69 6e 67 73 0d |at the b|ombings.|
|00001160| 0a 77 65 72 65 20 62 79 | 20 70 69 6c 6f 74 73 20 |.were by| pilots |
|00001170| 64 65 66 65 63 74 69 6e | 67 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 43 |defectin|g from C|
|00001180| 61 73 74 72 6f 27 73 20 | 61 69 72 20 66 6f 72 63 |astro's |air forc|
|00001190| 65 2c 20 61 20 66 65 77 | 20 2e 33 30 2d 63 61 6c |e, a few| .30-cal|
|000011a0| 2e 0d 0a 62 75 6c 6c 65 | 74 73 20 77 65 72 65 20 |...bulle|ts were |
|000011b0| 66 69 72 65 64 20 69 6e | 74 6f 20 61 6e 20 6f 6c |fired in|to an ol|
|000011c0| 64 20 43 75 62 61 6e 20 | 42 2d 32 36 2e 20 41 20 |d Cuban |B-26. A |
|000011d0| 70 69 6c 6f 74 20 74 6f | 6f 6b 20 6f 66 66 20 69 |pilot to|ok off i|
|000011e0| 6e 0d 0a 74 68 65 20 63 | 72 61 74 65 20 61 6e 64 |n..the c|rate and|
|000011f0| 20 6c 61 6e 64 65 64 20 | 69 74 20 61 74 20 4d 69 | landed |it at Mi|
|00001200| 61 6d 69 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 61 20 63 6f 63 6b 2d |ami with| a cock-|
|00001210| 61 6e 64 2d 62 75 6c 6c | 20 73 74 6f 72 79 20 74 |and-bull| story t|
|00001220| 68 61 74 0d 0a 68 65 20 | 68 61 64 20 61 74 74 61 |hat..he |had atta|
|00001230| 63 6b 65 64 20 74 68 65 | 20 61 69 72 66 69 65 6c |cked the| airfiel|
|00001240| 64 73 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 | 20 41 66 74 65 72 20 6d |ds..... | After m|
|00001250| 69 64 6e 69 67 68 74 2c | 20 69 6e 20 73 69 6d 75 |idnight,| in simu|
|00001260| 6c 74 61 6e 65 6f 75 73 | 20 6c 61 6e 64 69 6e 67 |ltaneous| landing|
|00001270| 73 20 61 74 20 74 68 72 | 65 65 20 62 65 61 63 68 |s at thr|ee beach|
|00001280| 65 73 20 6f 6e 0d 0a 74 | 68 65 20 42 61 79 20 6f |es on..t|he Bay o|
|00001290| 66 20 50 69 67 73 2c 20 | 39 30 20 6d 69 6c 65 73 |f Pigs, |90 miles|
|000012a0| 20 73 6f 75 74 68 65 61 | 73 74 20 6f 66 20 48 61 | southea|st of Ha|
|000012b0| 76 61 6e 61 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b |vana, th|e attack|
|000012c0| 65 72 73 0d 0a 77 65 6e | 74 20 69 6e 20 77 69 74 |ers..wen|t in wit|
|000012d0| 68 20 61 72 74 69 6c 6c | 65 72 79 2c 20 74 61 6e |h artill|ery, tan|
|000012e0| 6b 73 20 61 6e 64 20 42 | 2d 32 36 20 61 69 72 20 |ks and B|-26 air |
|000012f0| 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 2e | 20 53 6f 6f 6e 0d 0a 61 |support.| Soon..a|
|00001300| 66 74 65 72 77 61 72 64 | 2c 20 43 61 73 74 72 6f |fterward|, Castro|
|00001310| 27 73 20 6d 69 6c 69 74 | 61 72 79 20 64 75 74 79 |'s milit|ary duty|
|00001320| 20 6f 66 66 69 63 65 72 | 20 61 74 20 4a 61 67 75 | officer| at Jagu|
|00001330| 65 79 20 47 72 61 6e 64 | 65 0d 0a 72 65 70 6f 72 |ey Grand|e..repor|
|00001340| 74 65 64 20 66 69 67 68 | 74 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e 20 |ted figh|ting on |
|00001350| 74 68 65 20 62 65 61 63 | 68 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 |the beac|h..... |
|00001360| 54 68 65 20 65 78 70 65 | 63 74 65 64 20 6d 61 73 |The expe|cted mas|
|00001370| 73 20 75 70 72 69 73 69 | 6e 67 20 66 61 69 6c 65 |s uprisi|ng faile|
|00001380| 64 20 74 6f 20 74 61 6b | 65 20 70 6c 61 63 65 2c |d to tak|e place,|
|00001390| 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 | 20 74 69 64 65 0d 0a 6f | and the| tide..o|
|000013a0| 66 20 72 65 62 65 6c 6c | 69 6f 6e 20 72 61 6e 20 |f rebell|ion ran |
|000013b0| 6f 75 74 2e 20 54 68 65 | 20 61 69 72 73 74 72 69 |out. The| airstri|
|000013c0| 70 20 61 74 20 4a 61 67 | 75 65 79 20 47 72 61 6e |p at Jag|uey Gran|
|000013d0| 64 65 20 77 61 73 20 73 | 65 69 7a 65 64 2c 0d 0a |de was s|eized,..|
|000013e0| 62 75 74 20 77 68 65 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 |but when| the fir|
|000013f0| 73 74 20 72 65 62 65 6c | 20 42 2d 32 36 20 63 61 |st rebel| B-26 ca|
|00001400| 6d 65 20 69 6e 20 74 6f | 20 6c 61 6e 64 2c 20 69 |me in to| land, i|
|00001410| 74 20 68 69 74 20 75 6e | 65 78 70 65 63 74 65 64 |t hit un|expected|
|00001420| 0d 0a 72 69 64 67 65 73 | 20 6f 66 20 73 61 6e 64 |..ridges| of sand|
|00001430| 20 74 68 61 74 20 68 61 | 64 20 64 72 69 66 74 65 | that ha|d drifte|
|00001440| 64 20 61 63 72 6f 73 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 72 75 6e |d across| the run|
|00001450| 77 61 79 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 63 72 61 73 68 65 64 |way, and| crashed|
|00001460| 2e 0d 0a 50 61 72 61 74 | 72 6f 6f 70 65 72 73 2c |...Parat|roopers,|
|00001470| 20 64 72 6f 70 70 65 64 | 20 69 6e 6c 61 6e 64 2c | dropped| inland,|
|00001480| 20 77 65 72 65 20 77 69 | 70 65 64 20 6f 75 74 2d | were wi|ped out-|
|00001490| 2d 66 65 77 20 70 72 69 | 73 6f 6e 65 72 73 20 77 |-few pri|soners w|
|000014a0| 65 72 65 0d 0a 74 61 6b | 65 6e 2e 20 54 68 65 20 |ere..tak|en. The |
|000014b0| 69 6e 76 61 64 65 72 73 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 |invaders| from th|
|000014c0| 65 20 62 65 61 63 68 20 | 6e 65 76 65 72 20 71 75 |e beach |never qu|
|000014d0| 69 74 65 20 72 65 61 63 | 68 65 64 20 4a 61 67 75 |ite reac|hed Jagu|
|000014e0| 65 79 0d 0a 47 72 61 6e | 64 65 2e 20 4f 62 76 69 |ey..Gran|de. Obvi|
|000014f0| 6f 75 73 6c 79 20 66 6f | 72 65 77 61 72 6e 65 64 |ously fo|rewarned|
|00001500| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 67 65 6e 65 72 61 6c 20 | of the |general |
|00001510| 61 72 65 61 20 77 68 65 | 72 65 20 74 68 65 0d 0a |area whe|re the..|
|00001520| 6c 61 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 | 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 74 61 |landing |would ta|
|00001530| 6b 65 20 70 6c 61 63 65 | 20 28 22 53 6f 6d 65 6f |ke place| ("Someo|
|00001540| 6e 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 69 | 74 74 65 64 20 74 72 65 |ne commi|tted tre|
|00001550| 61 73 6f 6e 2c 22 20 63 | 68 61 72 67 65 64 0d 0a |ason," c|harged..|
|00001560| 61 20 63 6f 75 6e 63 69 | 6c 20 6d 65 6d 62 65 72 |a counci|l member|
|00001570| 29 2c 20 43 61 73 74 72 | 6f 20 68 61 64 20 31 30 |), Castr|o had 10|
|00001580| 2c 30 30 30 20 74 72 6f | 6f 70 73 20 6f 6e 20 68 |,000 tro|ops on h|
|00001590| 61 6e 64 20 74 6f 20 6d | 65 65 74 20 74 68 65 0d |and to m|eet the.|
|000015a0| 0a 6d 65 6e 20 63 6f 6d | 69 6e 67 20 75 70 20 74 |.men com|ing up t|
|000015b0| 68 65 20 74 72 61 63 6b | 20 62 65 64 2e 20 48 65 |he track| bed. He|
|000015c0| 61 76 79 20 61 72 74 69 | 6c 6c 65 72 79 20 70 69 |avy arti|llery pi|
|000015d0| 6e 6e 65 64 20 74 68 65 | 20 69 6e 76 61 64 65 72 |nned the| invader|
|000015e0| 73 0d 0a 64 6f 77 6e 2e | 20 54 68 65 20 69 6e 76 |s..down.| The inv|
|000015f0| 61 73 69 6f 6e 20 73 68 | 69 70 20 63 61 72 72 79 |asion sh|ip carry|
|00001600| 69 6e 67 20 61 6c 6c 20 | 74 68 65 20 62 72 6f 61 |ing all |the broa|
|00001610| 64 63 61 73 74 69 6e 67 | 20 65 71 75 69 70 6d 65 |dcasting| equipme|
|00001620| 6e 74 0d 0a 77 61 73 20 | 73 75 6e 6b 2c 20 61 6e |nt..was |sunk, an|
|00001630| 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 69 | 74 20 61 6e 6f 74 68 65 |d with i|t anothe|
|00001640| 72 20 6c 61 6e 64 69 6e | 67 20 63 72 61 66 74 2e |r landin|g craft.|
|00001650| 20 54 68 65 20 43 61 73 | 74 72 6f 20 63 6f 6d 6d | The Cas|tro comm|
|00001660| 61 6e 64 0d 0a 74 68 72 | 65 77 20 69 74 73 20 53 |and..thr|ew its S|
|00001670| 6f 76 69 65 74 2d 62 75 | 69 6c 74 20 54 2d 33 34 |oviet-bu|ilt T-34|
|00001680| 20 74 61 6e 6b 73 20 69 | 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 | tanks i|nto the |
|00001690| 66 69 67 68 74 3a 20 61 | 20 64 6f 7a 65 6e 20 6a |fight: a| dozen j|
|000016a0| 65 74 73 2c 0d 0a 73 6f | 6d 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |ets,..so|me of th|
|000016b0| 65 6d 20 4d 49 47 73 20 | 66 6c 6f 77 6e 20 62 79 |em MIGs |flown by|
|000016c0| 20 43 7a 65 63 68 20 70 | 69 6c 6f 74 73 2c 20 73 | Czech p|ilots, s|
|000016d0| 68 6f 74 20 64 6f 77 6e | 20 66 69 76 65 20 6f 66 |hot down| five of|
|000016e0| 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 69 6e | 76 61 64 65 72 73 27 20 | the..in|vaders' |
|000016f0| 74 77 65 6c 76 65 20 42 | 2d 32 36 20 62 6f 6d 62 |twelve B|-26 bomb|
|00001700| 65 72 73 2e 20 4f 74 68 | 65 72 20 43 61 73 74 72 |ers. Oth|er Castr|
|00001710| 6f 20 61 69 72 63 72 61 | 66 74 20 73 77 65 70 74 |o aircra|ft swept|
|00001720| 20 6f 76 65 72 0d 0a 74 | 68 65 20 65 78 70 6f 73 | over..t|he expos|
|00001730| 65 64 20 74 72 6f 6f 70 | 73 20 69 6e 20 73 74 72 |ed troop|s in str|
|00001740| 61 66 69 6e 67 20 72 75 | 6e 73 2e 20 41 20 64 65 |afing ru|ns. A de|
|00001750| 73 70 65 72 61 74 65 20 | 63 61 6c 6c 20 66 6f 72 |sperate |call for|
|00001760| 20 68 65 6c 70 0d 0a 77 | 65 6e 74 20 6f 75 74 20 | help..w|ent out |
|00001770| 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 | 20 62 65 61 63 68 68 65 |from the| beachhe|
|00001780| 61 64 3a 20 22 57 65 20 | 61 72 65 20 75 6e 64 65 |ad: "We |are unde|
|00001790| 72 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b | 20 62 79 20 74 77 6f 20 |r attack| by two |
|000017a0| 53 65 61 0d 0a 46 75 72 | 79 20 61 69 72 63 72 61 |Sea..Fur|y aircra|
|000017b0| 66 74 20 61 6e 64 20 68 | 65 61 76 79 20 61 72 74 |ft and h|eavy art|
|000017c0| 69 6c 6c 65 72 79 2e 20 | 44 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 73 |illery. |Do not s|
|000017d0| 65 65 20 61 6e 79 20 66 | 72 69 65 6e 64 6c 79 20 |ee any f|riendly |
|000017e0| 61 69 72 0d 0a 63 6f 76 | 65 72 20 61 73 20 79 6f |air..cov|er as yo|
|000017f0| 75 20 70 72 6f 6d 69 73 | 65 64 2e 20 4e 65 65 64 |u promis|ed. Need|
|00001800| 20 6a 65 74 20 73 75 70 | 70 6f 72 74 20 69 6d 6d | jet sup|port imm|
|00001810| 65 64 69 61 74 65 6c 79 | 2e 22 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 |ediately|.".... |
|00001820| 54 68 65 20 73 75 70 70 | 6f 72 74 20 6e 65 76 65 |The supp|ort neve|
|00001830| 72 20 63 61 6d 65 2e 20 | 46 6f 6f 74 20 62 79 20 |r came. |Foot by |
|00001840| 66 6f 6f 74 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 61 6e 74 69 2d 43 |foot, th|e anti-C|
|00001850| 61 73 74 72 6f 20 66 6f | 72 63 65 73 0d 0a 77 65 |astro fo|rces..we|
|00001860| 72 65 20 64 72 69 76 65 | 6e 20 62 61 63 6b 20 64 |re drive|n back d|
|00001870| 6f 77 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 72 6f 61 64 20 61 6e 64 |own the |road and|
|00001880| 20 72 61 69 6c 72 6f 61 | 64 20 62 65 64 20 74 6f | railroa|d bed to|
|00001890| 77 61 72 64 20 74 68 65 | 20 42 61 79 0d 0a 6f 66 |ward the| Bay..of|
|000018a0| 20 50 69 67 73 2e 20 41 | 20 66 65 77 20 73 6f 6c | Pigs. A| few sol|
|000018b0| 64 69 65 72 73 20 73 63 | 61 74 74 65 72 65 64 20 |diers sc|attered |
|000018c0| 61 63 72 6f 73 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 77 61 6d 70 |across t|he swamp|
|000018d0| 73 20 69 6e 20 61 0d 0a | 64 65 73 70 65 72 61 74 |s in a..|desperat|
|000018e0| 65 20 61 74 74 65 6d 70 | 74 20 74 6f 20 72 65 61 |e attemp|t to rea|
|000018f0| 63 68 20 74 68 65 20 68 | 69 6c 6c 73 20 6f 66 20 |ch the h|ills of |
|00001900| 45 73 63 61 6d 62 72 61 | 79 2c 20 35 30 20 6d 69 |Escambra|y, 50 mi|
|00001910| 6c 65 73 0d 0a 61 77 61 | 79 2e 20 41 20 72 61 64 |les..awa|y. A rad|
|00001920| 69 6f 20 68 61 6d 20 69 | 6e 20 4e 65 77 20 4a 65 |io ham i|n New Je|
|00001930| 72 73 65 79 20 70 69 63 | 6b 65 64 20 75 70 20 61 |rsey pic|ked up a|
|00001940| 20 66 61 69 6e 74 20 73 | 69 67 6e 61 6c 3a 20 22 | faint s|ignal: "|
|00001950| 54 68 69 73 0d 0a 69 73 | 20 43 75 62 61 20 63 61 |This..is| Cuba ca|
|00001960| 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 57 68 | 65 72 65 20 77 69 6c 6c |lling Wh|ere will|
|00001970| 20 68 65 6c 70 20 63 6f | 6d 65 20 66 72 6f 6d 3f | help co|me from?|
|00001980| 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 | 20 43 75 62 61 20 63 61 | This is| Cuba ca|
|00001990| 6c 6c 69 6e 67 0d 0a 74 | 68 65 20 66 72 65 65 20 |lling..t|he free |
|000019a0| 77 6f 72 6c 64 2e 20 57 | 65 20 6e 65 65 64 20 68 |world. W|e need h|
|000019b0| 65 6c 70 20 69 6e 20 43 | 75 62 61 2e 22 20 49 6e |elp in C|uba." In|
|000019c0| 20 4d 69 61 6d 69 2c 20 | 4d 69 72 6f 20 43 61 72 | Miami, |Miro Car|
|000019d0| 64 6f 6e 61 0d 0a 61 6e | 64 20 74 68 65 20 52 65 |dona..an|d the Re|
|000019e0| 76 6f 6c 75 74 69 6f 6e | 61 72 79 20 43 6f 75 6e |volution|ary Coun|
|000019f0| 63 69 6c 20 66 69 6e 61 | 6c 6c 79 20 62 72 6f 6b |cil fina|lly brok|
|00001a00| 65 20 73 69 6c 65 6e 63 | 65 20 74 6f 20 69 73 73 |e silenc|e to iss|
|00001a10| 75 65 20 61 0d 0a 73 74 | 61 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 2e |ue a..st|atement.|
|00001a20| 20 54 68 65 79 20 68 61 | 64 20 72 61 64 69 6f 65 | They ha|d radioe|
|00001a30| 64 20 74 68 65 20 6d 65 | 6e 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 |d the me|n at the|
|00001a40| 20 42 61 79 20 6f 66 20 | 50 69 67 73 20 74 6f 20 | Bay of |Pigs to |
|00001a50| 61 73 6b 0d 0a 77 68 65 | 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 65 |ask..whe|ther the|
|00001a60| 79 20 77 69 73 68 65 64 | 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 65 |y wished| to be e|
|00001a70| 76 61 63 75 61 74 65 64 | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 61 6e |vacuated|. The an|
|00001a80| 73 77 65 72 3a 20 22 57 | 65 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6e |swer: "W|e will n|
|00001a90| 65 76 65 72 0d 0a 6c 65 | 61 76 65 20 74 68 69 73 |ever..le|ave this|
|00001aa0| 20 69 73 6c 61 6e 64 2e | 22 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 54 | island.|".... T|
|00001ab0| 68 65 20 6c 65 73 73 6f | 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 43 75 |he lesso|ns of Cu|
|00001ac0| 62 61 20 63 61 6d 65 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 6a 6f 6c |ba came |with jol|
|00001ad0| 74 69 6e 67 20 73 77 69 | 66 74 6e 65 73 73 2e 20 |ting swi|ftness. |
|00001ae0| 41 67 61 69 6e 2c 0d 0a | 4b 65 6e 6e 65 64 79 20 |Again,..|Kennedy |
|00001af0| 75 6e 64 65 72 65 73 74 | 69 6d 61 74 65 64 20 68 |underest|imated h|
|00001b00| 69 73 20 61 64 76 65 72 | 73 61 72 79 20 61 6e 64 |is adver|sary and|
|00001b10| 20 6f 76 65 72 65 73 74 | 69 6d 61 74 65 64 20 74 | overest|imated t|
|00001b20| 68 65 0d 0a 72 65 61 6c | 69 73 6d 20 6f 66 20 68 |he..real|ism of h|
|00001b30| 69 73 20 6f 77 6e 20 65 | 78 70 65 63 74 61 74 69 |is own e|xpectati|
|00001b40| 6f 6e 73 2e 20 49 6e 20 | 62 61 63 6b 69 6e 67 20 |ons. In |backing |
|00001b50| 74 68 65 20 69 6e 76 61 | 73 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 |the inva|sion of |
|00001b60| 43 75 62 61 0d 0a 62 79 | 20 61 20 66 6f 72 63 65 |Cuba..by| a force|
|00001b70| 20 6f 66 20 55 2e 53 2e | 2d 74 72 61 69 6e 65 64 | of U.S.|-trained|
|00001b80| 20 43 75 62 61 6e 20 65 | 78 69 6c 65 73 2c 20 4b | Cuban e|xiles, K|
|00001b90| 65 6e 6e 65 64 79 20 68 | 6f 70 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |ennedy h|oped to |
|00001ba0| 62 72 69 6e 67 0d 0a 64 | 6f 77 6e 20 46 69 64 65 |bring..d|own Fide|
|00001bb0| 6c 20 43 61 73 74 72 6f | 27 73 20 43 6f 6d 6d 75 |l Castro|'s Commu|
|00001bc0| 6e 69 73 74 20 72 65 67 | 69 6d 65 20 69 6e 20 43 |nist reg|ime in C|
|00001bd0| 75 62 61 20 77 69 74 68 | 6f 75 74 20 73 74 69 72 |uba with|out stir|
|00001be0| 72 69 6e 67 0d 0a 74 6f | 6f 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 69 |ring..to|o many i|
|00001bf0| 6e 74 65 72 6e 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 61 6c 20 61 63 63 |nternati|onal acc|
|00001c00| 75 73 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 6f 66 20 22 69 6d 70 |usations| of "imp|
|00001c10| 65 72 69 61 6c 69 73 6d | 22 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a 22 |erialism|" and.."|
|00001c20| 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 69 61 6c | 69 73 6d 22 20 61 67 61 |colonial|ism" aga|
|00001c30| 69 6e 73 74 20 74 68 65 | 20 55 2e 53 2e 20 42 75 |inst the| U.S. Bu|
|00001c40| 74 20 74 68 65 20 62 75 | 6e 67 6c 65 64 20 69 6e |t the bu|ngled in|
|00001c50| 76 61 73 69 6f 6e 20 65 | 6e 64 65 64 0d 0a 69 6e |vasion e|nded..in|
|00001c60| 20 61 20 6d 61 73 73 61 | 63 72 65 2e 20 41 6e 64 | a massa|cre. And|
|00001c70| 20 74 68 65 20 6f 6e 6c | 6f 6f 6b 69 6e 67 20 6e | the onl|ooking n|
|00001c80| 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 62 | 6c 61 6d 65 64 20 74 68 |ations b|lamed th|
|00001c90| 65 20 55 2e 53 2e 20 66 | 6f 72 20 74 68 65 0d 0a |e U.S. f|or the..|
|00001ca0| 69 6e 76 61 73 69 6f 6e | 20 61 6c 6d 6f 73 74 20 |invasion| almost |
|00001cb0| 61 73 20 73 68 72 69 6c | 6c 79 20 61 73 20 69 66 |as shril|ly as if|
|00001cc0| 20 4b 65 6e 6e 65 64 79 | 20 68 61 64 20 73 65 6e | Kennedy| had sen|
|00001cd0| 74 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 0d 0a 4d 61 72 69 6e 65 |t in the|..Marine|
|00001ce0| 73 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 0d 0a | 20 20 5b 53 74 69 6c 6c |s.......| [Still|
|00001cf0| 20 73 6d 61 72 74 69 6e | 67 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 68 | smartin|g from h|
|00001d00| 69 73 20 64 65 66 65 61 | 74 2c 20 4b 65 6e 6e 65 |is defea|t, Kenne|
|00001d10| 64 79 20 6d 65 74 20 69 | 6e 20 56 69 65 6e 6e 61 |dy met i|n Vienna|
|00001d20| 20 77 69 74 68 0d 0a 53 | 6f 76 69 65 74 20 4c 65 | with..S|oviet Le|
|00001d30| 61 64 65 72 20 4b 68 72 | 75 73 68 63 68 65 76 2c |ader Khr|ushchev,|
|00001d40| 20 77 68 6f 20 74 72 69 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 62 75 | who tri|ed to bu|
|00001d50| 6c 6c 79 20 68 69 6d 20 | 62 79 20 74 68 72 65 61 |lly him |by threa|
|00001d60| 74 65 6e 69 6e 67 0d 0a | 74 6f 20 73 69 67 6e 20 |tening..|to sign |
|00001d70| 61 20 73 65 70 61 72 61 | 74 65 20 70 65 61 63 65 |a separa|te peace|
|00001d80| 20 74 72 65 61 74 79 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 | treaty |with the|
|00001d90| 20 45 61 73 74 20 47 65 | 72 6d 61 6e 73 20 74 68 | East Ge|rmans th|
|00001da0| 61 74 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 | 0d 0a 63 75 74 20 6f 66 |at would|..cut of|
|00001db0| 66 20 57 65 73 74 65 72 | 6e 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 |f Wester|n access|
|00001dc0| 20 74 6f 20 42 65 72 6c | 69 6e 2e 20 54 68 65 20 | to Berl|in. The |
|00001dd0| 43 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 | 74 73 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 |Communis|ts would|
|00001de0| 20 69 6e 20 61 6e 79 0d | 0a 63 61 73 65 20 68 61 | in any.|.case ha|
|00001df0| 76 65 20 68 61 64 20 74 | 6f 20 64 6f 20 73 6f 6d |ve had t|o do som|
|00001e00| 65 74 68 69 6e 67 20 61 | 62 6f 75 74 20 42 65 72 |ething a|bout Ber|
|00001e10| 6c 69 6e 2c 20 77 68 65 | 72 65 20 45 61 73 74 20 |lin, whe|re East |
|00001e20| 47 65 72 6d 61 6e 79 27 | 73 0d 0a 70 6f 70 75 6c |Germany'|s..popul|
|00001e30| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 61 | 73 20 68 65 6d 6f 72 72 |ation wa|s hemorr|
|00001e40| 68 61 67 69 6e 67 20 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 20 57 65 |haging t|o the We|
|00001e50| 73 74 20 74 68 72 6f 75 | 67 68 20 74 68 65 20 46 |st throu|gh the F|
|00001e60| 72 65 65 20 43 69 74 79 | 27 73 0d 0a 72 65 6c 61 |ree City|'s..rela|
|00001e70| 74 69 76 65 6c 79 20 70 | 6f 72 6f 75 73 20 66 72 |tively p|orous fr|
|00001e80| 6f 6e 74 69 65 72 2e 5d | 0d 0a 0d 0a 28 41 75 67 |ontier.]|....(Aug|
|00001e90| 75 73 74 20 32 35 2c 20 | 31 39 36 31 29 0d 0a 0d |ust 25, |1961)...|
|00001ea0| 0a 20 20 54 68 65 20 73 | 63 72 65 61 6d 20 6f 66 |. The s|cream of|
|00001eb0| 20 73 69 72 65 6e 73 20 | 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 | sirens |and the |
|00001ec0| 63 6c 61 6e 6b 20 6f 66 | 20 73 74 65 65 6c 20 6f |clank of| steel o|
|00001ed0| 6e 20 63 6f 62 62 6c 65 | 73 74 6f 6e 65 73 0d 0a |n cobble|stones..|
|00001ee0| 65 63 68 6f 65 64 20 64 | 6f 77 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |echoed d|own the |
|00001ef0| 6d 65 61 6e 2c 20 64 61 | 72 6b 20 73 74 72 65 65 |mean, da|rk stree|
|00001f00| 74 73 2e 20 46 72 69 67 | 68 74 65 6e 65 64 20 45 |ts. Frig|htened E|
|00001f10| 61 73 74 20 42 65 72 6c | 69 6e 65 72 73 0d 0a 70 |ast Berl|iners..p|
|00001f20| 65 65 6b 65 64 20 66 72 | 6f 6d 20 62 65 68 69 6e |eeked fr|om behin|
|00001f30| 64 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 | 63 75 72 74 61 69 6e 73 |d their |curtains|
|00001f40| 20 74 6f 20 73 65 65 20 | 6d 69 6c 69 74 61 72 79 | to see |military|
|00001f50| 20 63 6f 6e 76 6f 79 73 | 0d 0a 73 74 72 65 74 63 | convoys|..stretc|
|00001f60| 68 69 6e 67 20 66 6f 72 | 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 73 2e |hing for| blocks.|
|00001f70| 20 41 74 20 65 61 63 68 | 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 20 69 | At each| major i|
|00001f80| 6e 74 65 72 73 65 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 2c 20 61 20 70 |ntersect|ion, a p|
|00001f90| 6c 61 74 6f 6f 6e 0d 0a | 70 65 65 6c 65 64 20 6f |latoon..|peeled o|
|00001fa0| 66 66 20 61 6e 64 20 67 | 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 74 6f |ff and g|round to|
|00001fb0| 20 61 20 68 61 6c 74 2c | 20 67 75 6e 73 20 61 74 | a halt,| guns at|
|00001fc0| 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 61 | 64 79 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 | the rea|dy..... |
|00001fd0| 20 41 73 20 74 68 65 20 | 74 72 6f 6f 70 73 20 61 | As the |troops a|
|00001fe0| 72 72 69 76 65 64 20 61 | 74 20 73 63 6f 72 65 73 |rrived a|t scores|
|00001ff0| 20 6f 66 20 62 6f 72 64 | 65 72 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 | of bord|er point|
|00002000| 73 2c 20 63 61 72 67 6f | 20 74 72 75 63 6b 73 0d |s, cargo| trucks.|
|00002010| 0a 77 65 72 65 20 61 6c | 72 65 61 64 79 20 75 6e |.were al|ready un|
|00002020| 6c 6f 61 64 69 6e 67 20 | 72 6f 6c 6c 73 20 6f 66 |loading |rolls of|
|00002030| 20 62 61 72 62 65 64 20 | 77 69 72 65 2c 20 63 6f | barbed |wire, co|
|00002040| 6e 63 72 65 74 65 2c 20 | 70 6f 73 74 73 2c 0d 0a |ncrete, |posts,..|
|00002050| 77 6f 6f 64 65 6e 20 68 | 6f 72 73 65 73 2c 20 73 |wooden h|orses, s|
|00002060| 74 6f 6e 65 20 62 6c 6f | 63 6b 73 2c 20 70 69 63 |tone blo|cks, pic|
|00002070| 6b 73 20 61 6e 64 20 73 | 68 6f 76 65 6c 73 2e 20 |ks and s|hovels. |
|00002080| 57 68 65 6e 20 64 61 77 | 6e 20 63 61 6d 65 0d 0a |When daw|n came..|
|00002090| 66 6f 75 72 20 68 6f 75 | 72 73 20 6c 61 74 65 72 |four hou|rs later|
|000020a0| 2c 20 61 20 77 61 6c 6c | 20 64 69 76 69 64 65 64 |, a wall| divided|
|000020b0| 20 45 61 73 74 20 42 65 | 72 6c 69 6e 20 66 72 6f | East Be|rlin fro|
|000020c0| 6d 20 57 65 73 74 20 66 | 6f 72 20 74 68 65 0d 0a |m West f|or the..|
|000020d0| 66 69 72 73 74 20 74 69 | 6d 65 20 69 6e 20 65 69 |first ti|me in ei|
|000020e0| 67 68 74 20 79 65 61 72 | 73 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 |ght year|s..... |
|000020f0| 54 68 65 20 77 61 6c 6c | 20 77 61 73 20 69 6c 6c |The wall| was ill|
|00002100| 65 67 61 6c 2c 20 69 6d | 6d 6f 72 61 6c 20 61 6e |egal, im|moral an|
|00002110| 64 20 73 74 72 61 6e 67 | 65 6c 79 0d 0a 72 65 76 |d strang|ely..rev|
|00002120| 65 61 6c 69 6e 67 2d 2d | 69 6c 6c 65 67 61 6c 20 |ealing--|illegal |
|00002130| 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 | 69 74 20 76 69 6f 6c 61 |because |it viola|
|00002140| 74 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 | 43 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 |ted the |Communis|
|00002150| 74 73 27 20 73 6f 6c 65 | 6d 6e 0d 0a 63 6f 6e 74 |ts' sole|mn..cont|
|00002160| 72 61 63 74 73 20 74 6f | 20 70 65 72 6d 69 74 20 |racts to| permit |
|00002170| 66 72 65 65 20 6d 6f 76 | 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 74 68 |free mov|ement th|
|00002180| 72 6f 75 67 68 6f 75 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 63 69 74 |roughout| the cit|
|00002190| 79 3b 20 69 6d 6d 6f 72 | 61 6c 0d 0a 62 65 63 61 |y; immor|al..beca|
|000021a0| 75 73 65 20 69 74 20 76 | 69 72 74 75 61 6c 6c 79 |use it v|irtually|
|000021b0| 20 6a 61 69 6c 65 64 20 | 6d 69 6c 6c 69 6f 6e 73 | jailed |millions|
|000021c0| 20 6f 66 20 69 6e 6e 6f | 63 65 6e 74 20 70 65 6f | of inno|cent peo|
|000021d0| 70 6c 65 3b 0d 0a 72 65 | 76 65 61 6c 69 6e 67 20 |ple;..re|vealing |
|000021e0| 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 | 69 74 20 61 64 76 65 72 |because |it adver|
|000021f0| 74 69 73 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 |tised to| all the|
|00002200| 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 20 74 | 68 65 20 66 61 69 6c 75 | world t|he failu|
|00002210| 72 65 20 6f 66 0d 0a 45 | 61 73 74 20 47 65 72 6d |re of..E|ast Germ|
|00002220| 61 6e 79 27 73 20 43 6f | 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 74 20 |any's Co|mmunist |
|00002230| 73 79 73 74 65 6d 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 |system, |and the |
|00002240| 61 62 6a 65 63 74 20 6d | 69 73 65 72 79 20 6f 66 |abject m|isery of|
|00002250| 20 61 0d 0a 70 65 6f 70 | 6c 65 20 77 68 6f 20 63 | a..peop|le who c|
|00002260| 6f 75 6c 64 20 6f 6e 6c | 79 20 62 65 20 6b 65 70 |ould onl|y be kep|
|00002270| 74 20 77 69 74 68 69 6e | 20 69 74 73 20 62 6f 72 |t within| its bor|
|00002280| 64 65 72 73 20 62 79 20 | 62 75 6c 6c 65 74 73 2c |ders by |bullets,|
|00002290| 0d 0a 62 61 79 6f 6e 65 | 74 73 20 61 6e 64 20 62 |..bayone|ts and b|
|000022a0| 61 72 72 69 63 61 64 65 | 73 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 |arricade|s..... |
|000022b0| 46 6f 72 20 57 61 6c 74 | 65 72 20 55 6c 62 72 69 |For Walt|er Ulbri|
|000022c0| 63 68 74 2c 20 45 61 73 | 74 20 47 65 72 6d 61 6e |cht, Eas|t German|
|000022d0| 79 27 73 20 67 6f 61 74 | 2d 62 65 61 72 64 65 64 |y's goat|-bearded|
|000022e0| 2c 20 43 6f 6d 6d 75 6e | 69 73 74 0d 0a 62 6f 73 |, Commun|ist..bos|
|000022f0| 73 2c 20 74 68 65 20 77 | 61 6c 6c 20 77 61 73 20 |s, the w|all was |
|00002300| 75 74 74 65 72 6c 79 20 | 6e 65 63 65 73 73 61 72 |utterly |necessar|
|00002310| 79 20 74 6f 20 70 72 65 | 73 65 72 76 65 20 74 68 |y to pre|serve th|
|00002320| 65 20 76 65 72 79 20 6c | 69 66 65 0d 0a 6f 66 20 |e very l|ife..of |
|00002330| 68 69 73 20 64 69 73 6d | 61 6c 20 73 61 74 72 61 |his dism|al satra|
|00002340| 70 79 2e 20 46 6f 72 20 | 73 65 6c 64 6f 6d 20 68 |py. For |seldom h|
|00002350| 61 64 20 68 69 73 74 6f | 72 79 20 77 69 74 6e 65 |ad histo|ry witne|
|00002360| 73 73 65 64 20 73 6f 20 | 67 72 65 61 74 0d 0a 61 |ssed so |great..a|
|00002370| 6e 20 65 78 6f 64 75 73 | 20 61 73 20 68 61 64 20 |n exodus| as had |
|00002380| 62 65 65 6e 20 66 6c 6f | 77 69 6e 67 20 57 65 73 |been flo|wing Wes|
|00002390| 74 77 61 72 64 20 69 6e | 20 67 72 65 61 74 20 63 |tward in| great c|
|000023a0| 6c 6f 74 74 65 64 20 73 | 70 75 72 74 73 2e 0d 0a |lotted s|purts...|
|000023b0| 22 59 6f 75 20 61 72 65 | 20 73 68 61 72 69 6e 67 |"You are| sharing|
|000023c0| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 47 72 65 61 74 20 53 6f | in the |Great So|
|000023d0| 63 69 61 6c 69 73 74 20 | 45 78 70 65 72 69 6d 65 |cialist |Experime|
|000023e0| 6e 74 2c 22 20 55 6c 62 | 72 69 63 68 74 0d 0a 63 |nt," Ulb|richt..c|
|000023f0| 72 69 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 68 69 73 20 70 65 6f 70 |ried to |his peop|
|00002400| 6c 65 20 69 6e 20 31 39 | 34 39 2c 20 61 73 20 68 |le in 19|49, as h|
|00002410| 65 20 63 75 74 20 74 68 | 65 69 72 20 66 6f 6f 64 |e cut th|eir food|
|00002420| 20 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 61 6e 64 0d 0a 74 72 69 | ration |and..tri|
|00002430| 6d 6d 65 64 20 61 77 61 | 79 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 |mmed awa|y their |
|00002440| 6c 69 62 65 72 74 69 65 | 73 2e 20 46 61 72 20 66 |libertie|s. Far f|
|00002450| 72 6f 6d 20 73 68 61 72 | 69 6e 67 20 55 6c 62 72 |rom shar|ing Ulbr|
|00002460| 69 63 68 74 27 73 0d 0a | 65 6e 74 68 75 73 69 61 |icht's..|enthusia|
|00002470| 73 6d 2c 20 61 6c 6d 6f | 73 74 20 33 2c 35 30 30 |sm, almo|st 3,500|
|00002480| 2c 30 30 30 20 45 61 73 | 74 20 47 65 72 6d 61 6e |,000 Eas|t German|
|00002490| 73 2d 2d 6e 6f 20 6c 65 | 73 73 20 74 68 61 6e 20 |s--no le|ss than |
|000024a0| 32 30 25 20 6f 66 0d 0a | 74 68 65 20 70 6f 73 74 |20% of..|the post|
|000024b0| 2d 57 6f 72 6c 64 20 57 | 61 72 20 49 49 20 70 6f |-World W|ar II po|
|000024c0| 70 75 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e | 2d 2d 66 6c 65 64 20 74 |pulation|--fled t|
|000024d0| 6f 20 74 68 65 20 57 65 | 73 74 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |o the We|st in th|
|000024e0| 65 20 65 6c 65 76 65 6e | 0d 0a 79 65 61 72 73 20 |e eleven|..years |
|000024f0| 74 68 61 74 20 66 6f 6c | 6c 6f 77 65 64 2e 20 49 |that fol|lowed. I|
|00002500| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 | 72 73 74 20 65 6c 65 76 |n the fi|rst elev|
|00002510| 65 6e 20 64 61 79 73 20 | 6f 66 20 41 75 67 75 73 |en days |of Augus|
|00002520| 74 20 31 39 36 31 0d 0a | 61 6c 6f 6e 65 2c 20 31 |t 1961..|alone, 1|
|00002530| 36 2c 35 30 30 20 73 6f | 75 67 68 74 20 68 61 76 |6,500 so|ught hav|
|00002540| 65 6e 20 69 6e 20 57 65 | 73 74 20 42 65 72 6c 69 |en in We|st Berli|
|00002550| 6e 3b 20 74 68 65 20 72 | 65 66 75 67 65 65 73 20 |n; the r|efugees |
|00002560| 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 64 | 0d 0a 61 6e 20 45 61 73 |included|..an Eas|
|00002570| 74 20 47 65 72 6d 61 6e | 20 53 75 70 72 65 6d 65 |t German| Supreme|
|00002580| 20 43 6f 75 72 74 20 6a | 75 64 67 65 2c 20 45 61 | Court j|udge, Ea|
|00002590| 73 74 20 47 65 72 6d 61 | 6e 79 20 70 6f 6c 69 63 |st Germa|ny polic|
|000025a0| 65 6d 65 6e 2c 0d 0a 73 | 6f 6c 64 69 65 72 73 2c |emen,..s|oldiers,|
|000025b0| 20 70 68 79 73 69 63 69 | 61 6e 73 2c 20 6c 61 77 | physici|ans, law|
|000025c0| 79 65 72 73 2c 20 65 6e | 67 69 6e 65 65 72 73 2c |yers, en|gineers,|
|000025d0| 20 66 61 72 6d 65 72 73 | 2c 20 77 6f 72 6b 65 72 | farmers|, worker|
|000025e0| 73 2c 0d 0a 6d 65 72 63 | 68 61 6e 74 73 2d 2d 74 |s,..merc|hants--t|
|000025f0| 68 65 20 6c 69 66 65 62 | 6c 6f 6f 64 20 6f 66 20 |he lifeb|lood of |
|00002600| 61 6e 79 20 63 6f 75 6e | 74 72 79 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a |any coun|try.....|
|00002610| 0d 0a 20 20 5b 4d 6f 73 | 63 6f 77 27 73 20 6e 65 |.. [Mos|cow's ne|
|00002620| 78 74 20 61 67 67 72 65 | 73 73 69 76 65 20 6d 6f |xt aggre|ssive mo|
|00002630| 76 65 20 77 61 73 20 74 | 6f 20 61 62 72 6f 67 61 |ve was t|o abroga|
|00002640| 74 65 20 74 68 65 20 69 | 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 6c 0d |te the i|nformal.|
|00002650| 0a 6d 6f 72 61 74 6f 72 | 69 75 6d 20 6f 6e 20 6e |.morator|ium on n|
|00002660| 75 63 6c 65 61 72 20 74 | 65 73 74 69 6e 67 2e 5d |uclear t|esting.]|
|00002670| 0d 0a 0d 0a 28 53 65 70 | 74 65 6d 62 65 72 20 38 |....(Sep|tember 8|
|00002680| 2c 20 31 39 36 31 29 0d | 0a 0d 0a 20 20 4d 6f 73 |, 1961).|... Mos|
|00002690| 63 6f 77 27 73 20 6d 69 | 6c 6c 69 6f 6e 73 20 6b |cow's mi|llions k|
|000026a0| 6e 65 77 20 73 6f 6d 65 | 74 68 69 6e 67 20 77 61 |new some|thing wa|
|000026b0| 73 20 61 66 6f 6f 74 20 | 65 76 65 6e 20 61 73 20 |s afoot |even as |
|000026c0| 74 68 65 79 20 61 77 6f | 6b 65 0d 0a 61 6e 64 20 |they awo|ke..and |
|000026d0| 64 72 65 73 73 65 64 20 | 66 6f 72 20 77 6f 72 6b |dressed |for work|
|000026e0| 20 6f 6e 65 20 6d 6f 72 | 6e 69 6e 67 20 6c 61 73 | one mor|ning las|
|000026f0| 74 20 77 65 65 6b 2e 20 | 54 68 65 20 72 61 64 69 |t week. |The radi|
|00002700| 6f 20 77 61 73 0d 0a 64 | 72 6f 6e 69 6e 67 20 6f |o was..d|roning o|
|00002710| 75 74 20 74 68 65 20 66 | 75 6c 6c 20 74 65 78 74 |ut the f|ull text|
|00002720| 20 6f 66 20 61 20 6c 6f | 6e 67 20 67 6f 76 65 72 | of a lo|ng gover|
|00002730| 6e 6d 65 6e 74 20 63 6f | 6d 6d 75 6e 69 71 75 65 |nment co|mmunique|
|00002740| 2e 20 46 69 72 73 74 0d | 0a 63 61 6d 65 20 74 68 |. First.|.came th|
|00002750| 65 20 73 74 72 69 64 65 | 6e 74 20 62 75 69 6c 64 |e stride|nt build|
|00002760| 75 70 3a 20 22 54 68 65 | 20 55 6e 69 74 65 64 20 |up: "The| United |
|00002770| 53 74 61 74 65 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 69 74 73 20 61 |States a|nd its a|
|00002780| 6c 6c 69 65 73 20 61 72 | 65 0d 0a 66 61 6e 6e 69 |llies ar|e..fanni|
|00002790| 6e 67 20 75 70 20 74 68 | 65 20 61 72 6d 73 20 72 |ng up th|e arms r|
|000027a0| 61 63 65 2e 2e 2e 70 72 | 65 70 61 72 69 6e 67 20 |ace...pr|eparing |
|000027b0| 61 20 6e 65 77 20 77 6f | 72 6c 64 20 68 6f 6c 6f |a new wo|rld holo|
|000027c0| 63 61 75 73 74 20 77 68 | 69 6c 65 0d 0a 74 68 65 |caust wh|ile..the|
|000027d0| 20 53 6f 76 69 65 74 20 | 67 6f 76 65 72 6e 6d 65 | Soviet |governme|
|000027e0| 6e 74 20 73 74 72 69 76 | 65 73 20 66 6f 72 20 70 |nt striv|es for p|
|000027f0| 65 61 63 65 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 53 6f 76 69 65 74 |eace. Th|e Soviet|
|00002800| 20 55 6e 69 6f 6e 0d 0a | 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 72 | Union..|consider|
|00002810| 73 20 69 74 20 69 74 73 | 20 64 75 74 79 20 74 6f |s it its| duty to|
|00002820| 20 74 61 6b 65 20 61 6c | 6c 20 6e 65 63 65 73 73 | take al|l necess|
|00002830| 61 72 79 20 6d 65 61 73 | 75 72 65 73 2e 2e 2e 22 |ary meas|ures..."|
|00002840| 20 53 6c 6f 77 6c 79 2c | 0d 0a 61 73 20 74 68 65 | Slowly,|..as the|
|00002850| 20 68 69 67 68 2d 63 68 | 61 72 67 65 20 70 72 6f | high-ch|arge pro|
|00002860| 73 65 20 75 6e 77 6f 75 | 6e 64 2c 20 74 68 65 20 |se unwou|nd, the |
|00002870| 72 65 61 73 6f 6e 20 66 | 6f 72 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 |reason f|or all t|
|00002880| 68 65 0d 0a 65 78 63 69 | 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 62 |he..exci|tement b|
|00002890| 65 67 61 6e 20 74 6f 20 | 64 61 77 6e 20 6f 6e 20 |egan to |dawn on |
|000028a0| 74 68 65 20 4d 75 73 63 | 6f 76 69 74 65 73 3a 20 |the Musc|ovites: |
|000028b0| 74 68 65 20 4b 72 65 6d | 6c 69 6e 20 68 61 64 0d |the Krem|lin had.|
|000028c0| 0a 64 65 63 69 64 65 64 | 20 74 6f 20 73 74 61 72 |.decided| to star|
|000028d0| 74 20 74 65 73 74 69 6e | 67 20 69 74 73 20 6e 75 |t testin|g its nu|
|000028e0| 63 6c 65 61 72 20 77 65 | 61 70 6f 6e 73 20 61 67 |clear we|apons ag|
|000028f0| 61 69 6e 2e 20 4a 75 73 | 74 20 34 39 0d 0a 68 6f |ain. Jus|t 49..ho|
|00002900| 75 72 73 20 6c 61 74 65 | 72 2c 20 61 20 62 72 69 |urs late|r, a bri|
|00002910| 6c 6c 69 61 6e 74 20 66 | 6c 61 73 68 20 6c 69 74 |lliant f|lash lit|
|00002920| 20 74 68 65 20 62 6c 65 | 61 6b 20 70 6c 61 69 6e | the ble|ak plain|
|00002930| 73 20 6f 66 20 43 65 6e | 74 72 61 6c 0d 0a 41 73 |s of Cen|tral..As|
|00002940| 69 61 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 61 20 6d 69 67 68 74 20 |ia, and |a might |
|00002950| 62 61 6e 67 20 65 63 68 | 6f 65 64 20 66 6f 72 20 |bang ech|oed for |
|00002960| 6d 69 6c 65 73 2e 0d 0a | 0d 0a 20 20 42 6c 75 6e |miles...|.. Blun|
|00002970| 74 6c 79 2c 20 74 68 65 | 20 67 6f 76 65 72 6e 6d |tly, the| governm|
|00002980| 65 6e 74 20 64 65 63 6c | 61 72 65 64 20 74 68 61 |ent decl|ared tha|
|00002990| 74 20 52 75 73 73 69 61 | 6e 20 73 63 69 65 6e 74 |t Russia|n scient|
|000029a0| 69 73 74 73 20 77 65 72 | 65 0d 0a 77 6f 72 6b 69 |ists wer|e..worki|
|000029b0| 6e 67 20 6f 6e 20 22 73 | 75 70 65 72 2d 70 6f 77 |ng on "s|uper-pow|
|000029c0| 65 72 66 75 6c 22 20 62 | 6f 6d 62 73 20 69 6e 20 |erful" b|ombs in |
|000029d0| 74 68 65 20 31 30 30 2d | 6d 65 67 61 74 6f 6e 20 |the 100-|megaton |
|000029e0| 72 61 6e 67 65 20 28 74 | 68 65 0d 0a 65 71 75 69 |range (t|he..equi|
|000029f0| 76 61 6c 65 6e 74 20 6f | 66 20 31 30 30 20 6d 69 |valent o|f 100 mi|
|00002a00| 6c 6c 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f | 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 54 4e |llion to|ns of TN|
|00002a10| 54 29 2c 20 6d 61 64 65 | 20 74 6f 20 66 69 74 20 |T), made| to fit |
|00002a20| 72 6f 63 6b 65 74 73 0d | 0a 22 73 69 6d 69 6c 61 |rockets.|."simila|
|00002a30| 72 20 74 6f 20 74 68 6f | 73 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 |r to tho|se used |
|00002a40| 62 79 20 4d 61 6a 6f 72 | 20 59 2e 41 2e 20 47 61 |by Major| Y.A. Ga|
|00002a50| 67 61 72 69 6e 20 61 6e | 64 20 4d 61 6a 6f 72 20 |garin an|d Major |
|00002a60| 47 2e 53 2e 0d 0a 54 69 | 74 6f 76 20 66 6f 72 20 |G.S...Ti|tov for |
|00002a70| 74 68 65 69 72 20 75 6e | 72 69 76 61 6c 65 64 20 |their un|rivaled |
|00002a80| 63 6f 73 6d 69 63 20 66 | 6c 69 67 68 74 73 2e 22 |cosmic f|lights."|
|00002a90| 20 49 6e 20 63 61 73 65 | 20 73 6f 6d 65 62 6f 64 | In case| somebod|
|00002aa0| 79 0d 0a 6d 69 73 73 65 | 64 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f |y..misse|d the po|
|00002ab0| 69 6e 74 2c 20 52 75 73 | 73 69 61 27 73 20 61 72 |int, Rus|sia's ar|
|00002ac0| 6d 79 20 6e 65 77 73 70 | 61 70 65 72 20 52 65 64 |my newsp|aper Red|
|00002ad0| 20 53 74 61 72 20 65 78 | 70 6c 61 69 6e 65 64 0d | Star ex|plained.|
|00002ae0| 0a 74 68 61 74 20 6e 75 | 63 6c 65 61 72 20 77 65 |.that nu|clear we|
|00002af0| 61 70 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 | 20 73 75 63 68 20 70 6f |apons of| such po|
|00002b00| 77 65 72 20 63 6f 75 6c | 64 20 77 69 70 65 20 6f |wer coul|d wipe o|
|00002b10| 75 74 20 61 6e 79 6f 6e | 65 0d 0a 61 6e 79 77 68 |ut anyon|e..anywh|
|00002b20| 65 72 65 3a 20 22 4e 6f | 20 73 75 70 65 72 2d 64 |ere: "No| super-d|
|00002b30| 65 65 70 20 73 68 65 6c | 74 65 72 20 63 61 6e 20 |eep shel|ter can |
|00002b40| 73 61 76 65 20 74 68 65 | 6d 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 |save the|m from a|
|00002b50| 6e 0d 0a 61 6c 6c 2d 73 | 68 61 74 74 65 72 69 6e |n..all-s|hatterin|
|00002b60| 67 20 62 6c 6f 77 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 69 73 |g blow f|rom this|
|00002b70| 20 77 65 61 70 6f 6e 2e | 22 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 41 | weapon.|".... A|
|00002b80| 73 20 73 74 75 64 65 6e | 74 73 20 6f 66 20 70 73 |s studen|ts of ps|
|00002b90| 79 63 68 6f 6c 6f 67 69 | 63 61 6c 20 77 61 72 66 |ychologi|cal warf|
|00002ba0| 61 72 65 2c 20 74 68 65 | 20 52 75 73 73 69 61 6e |are, the| Russian|
|00002bb0| 73 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 6b | 6e 65 77 0d 0a 74 68 61 |s well k|new..tha|
|00002bc0| 74 20 74 68 65 79 20 72 | 69 73 6b 65 64 20 62 65 |t they r|isked be|
|00002bd0| 69 6e 67 20 62 72 61 6e | 64 65 64 20 61 73 20 65 |ing bran|ded as e|
|00002be0| 6e 65 6d 69 65 73 20 6f | 66 20 70 65 61 63 65 20 |nemies o|f peace |
|00002bf0| 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 62 | 6c 6f 63 0d 0a 6f 66 20 |by the b|loc..of |
|00002c00| 6e 65 75 74 72 61 6c 20 | 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 |neutral |nations |
|00002c10| 63 6f 76 65 74 65 64 20 | 62 79 20 62 6f 74 68 20 |coveted |by both |
|00002c20| 45 61 73 74 20 61 6e 64 | 20 57 65 73 74 2e 20 42 |East and| West. B|
|00002c30| 75 74 20 61 73 20 61 20 | 6d 61 6e 0d 0a 77 68 6f |ut as a |man..who|
|00002c40| 20 6c 69 76 65 73 20 62 | 79 20 70 6f 77 65 72 2c | lives b|y power,|
|00002c50| 20 4b 68 72 75 73 68 63 | 68 65 76 20 77 61 73 20 | Khrushc|hev was |
|00002c60| 66 6f 72 63 65 64 20 62 | 79 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 |forced b|y the re|
|00002c70| 71 75 69 72 65 6d 65 6e | 74 73 0d 0a 6f 66 20 70 |quiremen|ts..of p|
|00002c80| 6f 77 65 72 20 74 6f 20 | 74 61 6b 65 20 74 68 61 |ower to |take tha|
|00002c90| 74 20 63 68 61 6e 63 65 | 2e 20 52 75 73 73 69 61 |t chance|. Russia|
|00002ca0| 20 62 61 64 6c 79 20 6e | 65 65 64 65 64 20 74 6f | badly n|eeded to|
|00002cb0| 20 74 65 73 74 20 69 74 | 73 0d 0a 66 61 6d 69 6c | test it|s..famil|
|00002cc0| 79 20 6f 66 20 6e 75 63 | 6c 65 61 72 20 77 65 61 |y of nuc|lear wea|
|00002cd0| 70 6f 6e 73 2e 20 49 6e | 20 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 |pons. In| particu|
|00002ce0| 6c 61 72 2c 20 52 75 73 | 73 69 61 6e 20 73 63 69 |lar, Rus|sian sci|
|00002cf0| 65 6e 74 69 73 74 73 0d | 0a 6e 65 65 64 65 64 20 |entists.|.needed |
|00002d00| 74 6f 20 74 65 73 74 20 | 73 6d 61 6c 6c 2c 20 6c |to test |small, l|
|00002d10| 69 6d 69 74 65 64 2d 79 | 69 65 6c 64 20 62 61 74 |imited-y|ield bat|
|00002d20| 74 6c 65 66 69 65 6c 64 | 20 77 65 61 70 6f 6e 73 |tlefield| weapons|
|00002d30| 2c 20 61 0d 0a 63 61 74 | 65 67 6f 72 79 20 69 6e |, a..cat|egory in|
|00002d40| 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 74 | 68 65 20 53 6f 76 69 65 | which t|he Sovie|
|00002d50| 74 20 55 6e 69 6f 6e 20 | 69 73 20 74 68 6f 75 67 |t Union |is thoug|
|00002d60| 68 74 20 74 6f 20 74 72 | 61 69 6c 20 66 61 72 0d |ht to tr|ail far.|
|00002d70| 0a 62 65 68 69 6e 64 20 | 74 68 65 20 55 2e 53 2e |.behind |the U.S.|
|00002d80| 20 4d 6f 72 65 6f 76 65 | 72 2c 20 4b 68 72 75 73 | Moreove|r, Khrus|
|00002d90| 68 63 68 65 76 20 77 61 | 73 20 67 61 6d 62 6c 69 |hchev wa|s gambli|
|00002da0| 6e 67 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 74 68 69 73 0d 0a 72 75 |ng that |this..ru|
|00002db0| 74 68 6c 65 73 73 20 6d | 61 6e 65 75 76 65 72 20 |thless m|aneuver |
|00002dc0| 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 69 6e | 74 69 6d 69 64 61 74 65 |would in|timidate|
|00002dd0| 20 74 68 65 20 55 2e 53 | 2e 2c 20 77 65 61 6b 65 | the U.S|., weake|
|00002de0| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 | 73 6f 6c 76 65 0d 0a 6f |n the re|solve..o|
|00002df0| 66 20 74 68 65 20 57 65 | 73 74 65 72 6e 20 41 6c |f the We|stern Al|
|00002e00| 6c 69 65 73 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 73 63 61 72 65 20 |lies, an|d scare |
|00002e10| 74 68 65 20 45 61 73 74 | 20 47 65 72 6d 61 6e 73 |the East| Germans|
|00002e20| 20 69 6e 74 6f 0d 0a 73 | 75 62 6d 69 73 73 69 6f | into..s|ubmissio|
|00002e30| 6e 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 53 6f 76 69 |n..... |The Sovi|
|00002e40| 65 74 20 61 6e 6e 6f 75 | 6e 63 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 |et annou|ncement |
|00002e50| 6f 66 20 6e 65 77 20 6e | 75 63 6c 65 61 72 20 74 |of new n|uclear t|
|00002e60| 65 73 74 20 64 69 64 20 | 69 6e 64 65 65 64 20 68 |est did |indeed h|
|00002e70| 61 6e 64 0d 0a 74 68 65 | 20 55 2e 53 2e 20 61 20 |and..the| U.S. a |
|00002e80| 6d 61 6a 6f 72 20 70 72 | 6f 70 61 67 61 6e 64 61 |major pr|opaganda|
|00002e90| 20 76 69 63 74 6f 72 79 | 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 49 | victory|..... I|
|00002ea0| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f | 6c 64 20 77 61 72 20 6f |n the co|ld war o|
|00002eb0| 66 20 6e 65 72 76 65 73 | 2c 20 74 68 65 20 55 2e |f nerves|, the U.|
|00002ec0| 53 2e 20 68 61 64 20 77 | 6f 6e 20 69 74 73 20 62 |S. had w|on its b|
|00002ed0| 65 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 69 74 0d 0a 63 6f 75 6c |et that |it..coul|
|00002ee0| 64 20 6f 75 74 6c 61 73 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 52 75 |d outlas|t the Ru|
|00002ef0| 73 73 69 61 6e 73 20 61 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 74 65 |ssians a|t the te|
|00002f00| 73 74 2d 62 61 6e 20 63 | 6f 6e 66 65 72 65 6e 63 |st-ban c|onferenc|
|00002f10| 65 20 74 61 62 6c 65 2d | 2d 74 68 65 0d 0a 22 62 |e table-|-the.."b|
|00002f20| 6c 61 64 64 65 72 20 74 | 65 63 68 6e 69 71 75 65 |ladder t|echnique|
|00002f30| 2c 22 20 61 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 61 70 70 72 6f 61 |," as th|e approa|
|00002f40| 63 68 20 77 61 73 20 63 | 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 62 79 |ch was c|alled by|
|00002f50| 20 55 2e 53 2e 0d 0a 4e | 65 67 6f 74 69 61 74 6f | U.S...N|egotiato|
|00002f60| 72 20 41 72 74 68 75 72 | 20 44 65 61 6e 2e 0d 0a |r Arthur| Dean...|
|00002f70| 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 5b 50 | 72 65 73 69 64 65 6e 74 |.... [P|resident|
|00002f80| 20 4b 65 6e 6e 65 64 79 | 20 74 72 69 65 64 20 74 | Kennedy| tried t|
|00002f90| 6f 20 70 65 72 73 75 61 | 64 65 20 74 68 65 20 53 |o persua|de the S|
|00002fa0| 6f 76 69 65 74 73 20 74 | 6f 20 77 6f 72 6b 0d 0a |oviets t|o work..|
|00002fb0| 74 6f 77 61 72 64 20 61 | 20 74 65 73 74 2d 62 61 |toward a| test-ba|
|00002fc0| 6e 20 74 72 65 61 74 79 | 20 61 74 20 47 65 6e 65 |n treaty| at Gene|
|00002fd0| 76 61 2c 20 62 75 74 20 | 65 76 65 6e 74 75 61 6c |va, but |eventual|
|00002fe0| 6c 79 20 64 65 63 69 64 | 65 64 20 74 68 61 74 0d |ly decid|ed that.|
|00002ff0| 0a 74 68 65 20 55 2e 53 | 2e 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 |.the U.S|. would |
|00003000| 68 61 76 65 20 74 6f 20 | 72 65 73 75 6d 65 20 61 |have to |resume a|
|00003010| 74 6d 6f 73 70 68 65 72 | 69 63 20 74 65 73 74 69 |tmospher|ic testi|
|00003020| 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 50 61 63 69 66 69 |ng in th|e Pacifi|
|00003030| 63 0d 0a 69 6e 20 6f 72 | 64 65 72 20 6e 6f 74 20 |c..in or|der not |
|00003040| 74 6f 20 62 65 20 6c 65 | 66 74 20 62 65 68 69 6e |to be le|ft behin|
|00003050| 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 61 72 6d 73 20 72 61 |d in the| arms ra|
|00003060| 63 65 2e 5d 0d 0a 0d 0a | 28 4d 61 79 20 34 2c 20 |ce.]....|(May 4, |
|00003070| 31 39 36 32 29 0d 0a 0d | 0a 20 20 44 61 77 6e 27 |1962)...|. Dawn'|
|00003080| 73 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 | 6c 69 67 68 74 20 62 72 |s first |light br|
|00003090| 6f 6b 65 20 74 68 72 6f | 75 67 68 20 61 20 68 65 |oke thro|ugh a he|
|000030a0| 61 76 79 20 68 61 7a 65 | 2c 20 64 69 66 66 75 73 |avy haze|, diffus|
|000030b0| 69 6e 67 0d 0a 43 68 72 | 69 73 74 6d 61 73 20 49 |ing..Chr|istmas I|
|000030c0| 73 6c 61 6e 64 27 73 20 | 65 6e 64 2d 6f 66 2d 74 |sland's |end-of-t|
|000030d0| 68 65 2d 77 6f 72 6c 64 | 20 75 67 6c 69 6e 65 73 |he-world| uglines|
|000030e0| 73 2e 20 54 68 65 20 62 | 61 72 72 65 6e 0d 0a 73 |s. The b|arren..s|
|000030f0| 74 72 65 74 63 68 65 73 | 20 6f 66 20 73 61 6e 64 |tretches| of sand|
|00003100| 20 61 6e 64 20 73 63 72 | 75 62 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | and scr|ub, the |
|00003110| 67 72 65 79 20 68 75 6c | 6c 73 20 6f 66 20 66 72 |grey hul|ls of fr|
|00003120| 65 69 67 68 74 65 72 73 | 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a 62 61 |eighters| and..ba|
|00003130| 72 67 65 73 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 74 69 6e 79 |rges in |the tiny|
|00003140| 20 68 61 72 62 6f 72 2c | 20 74 68 65 20 6e 61 6b | harbor,| the nak|
|00003150| 65 64 20 73 74 65 65 6c | 20 74 65 73 74 69 6e 67 |ed steel| testing|
|00003160| 20 74 6f 77 65 72 73 2c | 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 65 78 | towers,| the..ex|
|00003170| 70 6f 73 65 64 20 62 65 | 61 6d 73 20 6f 66 20 68 |posed be|ams of h|
|00003180| 61 6c 66 2d 63 6f 6d 70 | 6c 65 74 65 64 20 62 75 |alf-comp|leted bu|
|00003190| 69 6c 64 69 6e 67 73 2c | 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 6f 6f |ildings,| all too|
|000031a0| 6b 20 6f 6e 20 61 20 77 | 65 69 72 64 0d 0a 62 65 |k on a w|eird..be|
|000031b0| 61 75 74 79 2e 20 49 6e | 20 61 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c |auty. In| a small|
|000031c0| 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 20 62 75 69 6c | operati|ons buil|
|000031d0| 64 69 6e 67 2c 20 61 62 | 6f 75 74 20 31 35 20 74 |ding, ab|out 15 t|
|000031e0| 65 63 68 6e 69 63 69 61 | 6e 73 20 73 61 74 0d 0a |echnicia|ns sat..|
|000031f0| 61 6d 69 64 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 6f 66 66 65 65 2d |amid the| coffee-|
|00003200| 63 75 70 20 6c 69 74 74 | 65 72 20 6f 66 20 61 20 |cup litt|er of a |
|00003210| 73 6c 65 65 70 6c 65 73 | 73 20 6e 69 67 68 74 2e |sleeples|s night.|
|00003220| 20 41 6c 6f 6e 65 20 69 | 6e 20 61 0d 0a 64 61 72 | Alone i|n a..dar|
|00003230| 6b 65 6e 65 64 20 72 6f | 6f 6d 2c 20 61 6e 20 65 |kened ro|om, an e|
|00003240| 6c 65 63 74 72 6f 6e 69 | 63 73 20 74 65 63 68 6e |lectroni|cs techn|
|00003250| 69 63 69 61 6e 20 70 72 | 65 73 73 65 64 20 61 20 |ician pr|essed a |
|00003260| 6d 69 63 72 6f 70 68 6f | 6e 65 0d 0a 73 77 69 74 |micropho|ne..swit|
|00003270| 63 68 20 61 6e 64 20 62 | 65 67 61 6e 20 74 68 65 |ch and b|egan the|
|00003280| 20 63 6f 75 6e 74 64 6f | 77 6e 20 6f 6e 20 4f 70 | countdo|wn on Op|
|00003290| 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 44 6f 6d 69 6e 69 63 2d |eration |Dominic-|
|000032a0| 2d 74 68 65 20 55 2e 53 | 2e 0d 0a 73 65 72 69 65 |-the U.S|...serie|
|000032b0| 73 20 6f 66 20 6e 75 63 | 6c 65 61 72 20 74 65 73 |s of nuc|lear tes|
|000032c0| 74 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 61 74 6d 6f 73 70 |ts in th|e atmosp|
|000032d0| 68 65 72 65 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 66 72 |here tha|t the fr|
|000032e0| 65 65 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 | 0d 0a 64 69 64 20 6e 6f |ee world|..did no|
|000032f0| 74 20 77 61 6e 74 2c 20 | 62 75 74 20 66 6f 72 20 |t want, |but for |
|00003300| 69 74 73 20 73 75 72 76 | 69 76 61 6c 27 73 20 73 |its surv|ival's s|
|00003310| 61 6b 65 20 63 6f 75 6c | 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 76 |ake coul|d not av|
|00003320| 6f 69 64 2e 20 41 74 0d | 0a 35 3a 34 35 20 61 2e |oid. At.|.5:45 a.|
|00003330| 6d 2e 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 63 6f 75 6e 74 64 6f 77 |m., the |countdow|
|00003340| 6e 20 72 65 61 63 68 65 | 64 20 7a 65 72 6f 2e 20 |n reache|d zero. |
|00003350| 54 68 65 20 42 2d 35 32 | 20 64 72 6f 70 70 65 64 |The B-52| dropped|
|00003360| 20 69 74 73 0d 0a 70 61 | 79 6c 6f 61 64 2e 20 41 | its..pa|yload. A|
|00003370| 20 66 6c 61 73 68 20 70 | 69 65 72 63 65 64 20 74 | flash p|ierced t|
|00003380| 68 65 20 68 61 7a 65 2e | 20 54 68 65 20 74 65 73 |he haze.| The tes|
|00003390| 74 73 20 68 61 64 20 62 | 65 67 75 6e 2e 0d 0a 0d |ts had b|egun....|
|000033a0| 0a 0d 0a 20 20 5b 49 6e | 20 4f 63 74 6f 62 65 72 |... [In| October|
|000033b0| 20 31 39 36 32 2c 20 55 | 2e 53 2e 20 69 6e 74 65 | 1962, U|.S. inte|
|000033c0| 6c 6c 69 67 65 6e 63 65 | 20 6f 62 74 61 69 6e 65 |lligence| obtaine|
|000033d0| 64 20 65 76 69 64 65 6e | 63 65 20 74 68 61 74 0d |d eviden|ce that.|
|000033e0| 0a 74 68 65 20 53 6f 76 | 69 65 74 73 2c 20 69 6e |.the Sov|iets, in|
|000033f0| 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 6d | 6f 73 74 20 62 72 61 7a | their m|ost braz|
|00003400| 65 6e 20 61 63 74 20 79 | 65 74 2c 20 77 65 72 65 |en act y|et, were|
|00003410| 20 62 75 69 6c 64 69 6e | 67 0d 0a 6d 69 73 73 69 | buildin|g..missi|
|00003420| 6c 65 20 65 6d 70 6c 61 | 63 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 |le empla|cements |
|00003430| 69 6e 20 43 75 62 61 2e | 20 49 74 20 77 61 73 20 |in Cuba.| It was |
|00003440| 74 68 65 20 62 69 67 67 | 65 73 74 20 63 72 69 73 |the bigg|est cris|
|00003450| 69 73 20 6f 66 0d 0a 4b | 65 6e 6e 65 64 79 27 73 |is of..K|ennedy's|
|00003460| 20 70 72 65 73 69 64 65 | 6e 63 79 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a | preside|ncy.....|
|00003470| 20 20 22 54 68 65 72 65 | 20 77 61 73 20 64 61 6e | "There| was dan|
|00003480| 67 65 72 20 69 6e 20 73 | 74 61 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 |ger in s|tanding |
|00003490| 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 6f 72 | 20 6d 6f 76 69 6e 67 20 |still or| moving |
|000034a0| 66 6f 72 77 61 72 64 2e | 20 49 0d 0a 74 68 6f 75 |forward.| I..thou|
|000034b0| 67 68 74 20 69 74 20 77 | 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 77 |ght it w|as the w|
|000034c0| 69 73 65 73 74 20 70 6f | 6c 69 63 79 20 74 6f 20 |isest po|licy to |
|000034d0| 72 69 73 6b 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |risk tha|t which |
|000034e0| 77 61 73 20 69 6e 63 69 | 64 65 6e 74 0d 0a 74 6f |was inci|dent..to|
|000034f0| 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 74 | 74 65 72 20 63 6f 75 72 | the lat|ter cour|
|00003500| 73 65 2e 22 0d 0a 0d 0a | 20 20 2d 2d 20 4a 61 6d |se."....| -- Jam|
|00003510| 65 73 20 4d 6f 6e 72 6f | 65 20 74 6f 20 54 68 6f |es Monro|e to Tho|
|00003520| 6d 61 73 20 4a 65 66 66 | 65 72 73 6f 6e 20 28 31 |mas Jeff|erson (1|
|00003530| 38 32 32 29 5d 0d 0a 0d | 0a 28 4e 6f 76 65 6d 62 |822)]...|.(Novemb|
|00003540| 65 72 20 32 2c 20 31 39 | 36 32 29 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 |er 2, 19|62).... |
|00003550| 20 4c 61 73 74 20 77 65 | 65 6b 20 74 68 61 74 20 | Last we|ek that |
|00003560| 70 65 72 69 6c 6f 75 73 | 20 63 68 6f 69 63 65 20 |perilous| choice |
|00003570| 63 6f 6e 66 72 6f 6e 74 | 65 64 20 61 6e 6f 74 68 |confront|ed anoth|
|00003580| 65 72 2c 20 79 6f 75 6e | 67 65 72 0d 0a 50 72 65 |er, youn|ger..Pre|
|00003590| 73 69 64 65 6e 74 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 55 2e |sident o|f the U.|
|000035a0| 53 2e 20 47 65 6e 65 72 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 74 |S. Gener|ations t|
|000035b0| 6f 20 63 6f 6d 65 20 6d | 61 79 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 |o come m|ay well |
|000035c0| 63 6f 75 6e 74 20 4a 6f | 68 6e 0d 0a 4b 65 6e 6e |count Jo|hn..Kenn|
|000035d0| 65 64 79 27 73 20 72 65 | 73 6f 6c 76 65 20 61 73 |edy's re|solve as|
|000035e0| 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 64 65 63 69 | one of |the deci|
|000035f0| 73 69 76 65 20 6d 6f 6d | 65 6e 74 73 20 6f 66 20 |sive mom|ents of |
|00003600| 74 68 65 20 32 30 74 68 | 0d 0a 63 65 6e 74 75 72 |the 20th|..centur|
|00003610| 79 2e 20 46 6f 72 20 4b | 65 6e 6e 65 64 79 20 64 |y. For K|ennedy d|
|00003620| 65 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 65 | 64 20 74 6f 20 6d 6f 76 |etermine|d to mov|
|00003630| 65 64 20 66 6f 72 77 61 | 72 64 20 61 74 20 77 68 |ed forwa|rd at wh|
|00003640| 61 74 65 76 65 72 0d 0a | 72 69 73 6b 2e 20 41 6e |atever..|risk. An|
|00003650| 64 20 77 68 65 6e 20 66 | 61 63 65 64 20 62 79 20 |d when f|aced by |
|00003660| 74 68 61 74 20 64 65 74 | 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 74 69 |that det|erminati|
|00003670| 6f 6e 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 62 65 6c 6c 69 63 6f 73 |on, the |bellicos|
|00003680| 65 0d 0a 50 72 65 6d 69 | 65 72 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |e..Premi|er of th|
|00003690| 65 20 53 6f 76 69 65 74 | 20 55 6e 69 6f 6e 20 66 |e Soviet| Union f|
|000036a0| 69 72 73 74 20 77 61 76 | 65 72 65 64 2c 20 74 68 |irst wav|ered, th|
|000036b0| 65 6e 20 77 65 61 73 65 | 6c 65 64 20 61 6e 64 0d |en wease|led and.|
|000036c0| 0a 66 69 6e 61 6c 6c 79 | 20 62 61 63 6b 65 64 20 |.finally| backed |
|000036d0| 64 6f 77 6e 2e 0d 0a 0d | 0a 20 20 54 6f 20 4b 65 |down....|. To Ke|
|000036e0| 6e 6e 65 64 79 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 74 69 6d 65 20 |nnedy, t|he time |
|000036f0| 6f 66 20 74 72 75 74 68 | 20 61 72 72 69 76 65 64 |of truth| arrived|
|00003700| 20 77 68 65 6e 20 68 65 | 20 72 65 63 65 69 76 65 | when he| receive|
|00003710| 64 20 73 68 65 61 76 65 | 73 0d 0a 6f 66 20 70 68 |d sheave|s..of ph|
|00003720| 6f 74 6f 67 72 61 70 68 | 73 20 74 61 6b 65 6e 20 |otograph|s taken |
|00003730| 64 75 72 69 6e 67 20 74 | 68 65 20 70 72 65 63 65 |during t|he prece|
|00003740| 64 69 6e 67 20 66 65 77 | 20 64 61 79 73 20 62 79 |ding few| days by|
|00003750| 20 55 2e 53 2e 0d 0a 72 | 65 63 6f 6e 6e 61 69 73 | U.S...r|econnais|
|00003760| 73 61 6e 63 65 20 70 6c | 61 6e 65 73 20 6f 76 65 |sance pl|anes ove|
|00003770| 72 20 43 75 62 61 2e 20 | 54 68 65 79 20 66 75 72 |r Cuba. |They fur|
|00003780| 6e 69 73 68 65 64 20 73 | 74 61 67 67 65 72 69 6e |nished s|taggerin|
|00003790| 67 20 70 72 6f 6f 66 0d | 0a 6f 66 20 61 20 6d 61 |g proof.|.of a ma|
|000037a0| 73 73 69 76 65 2c 20 62 | 72 65 61 6b 6e 65 63 6b |ssive, b|reakneck|
|000037b0| 20 62 75 69 6c 64 75 70 | 20 6f 66 20 53 6f 76 69 | buildup| of Sovi|
|000037c0| 65 74 20 6d 69 73 73 69 | 6c 65 20 70 6f 77 65 72 |et missi|le power|
|000037d0| 20 6f 6e 0d 0a 43 61 73 | 74 6f 72 27 73 20 69 73 | on..Cas|tor's is|
|000037e0| 6c 61 6e 64 2e 20 41 6c | 72 65 61 64 79 20 70 6f |land. Al|ready po|
|000037f0| 69 73 65 64 20 77 65 72 | 65 20 6d 69 73 73 69 6c |ised wer|e missil|
|00003800| 65 73 20 63 61 70 61 62 | 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 68 75 |es capab|le of hu|
|00003810| 72 6c 69 6e 67 0d 0a 61 | 20 6d 65 67 61 74 6f 6e |rling..a| megaton|
|00003820| 20 65 61 63 68 2d 2d 6f | 72 20 72 6f 75 67 68 6c | each--o|r roughl|
|00003830| 79 20 35 30 20 74 69 6d | 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 64 |y 50 tim|es the d|
|00003840| 65 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 | 76 65 20 70 6f 77 65 72 |estructi|ve power|
|00003850| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 0d | 0a 48 69 72 6f 73 68 69 | of the.|.Hiroshi|
|00003860| 6d 61 20 61 74 6f 6d 69 | 63 20 62 6f 6d 62 2d 2d |ma atomi|c bomb--|
|00003870| 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 55 | 2e 53 2e 20 55 6e 64 65 |at the U|.S. Unde|
|00003880| 72 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 72 | 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 |r constr|uction w|
|00003890| 65 72 65 20 73 69 74 65 | 73 0d 0a 66 6f 72 20 6c |ere site|s..for l|
|000038a0| 61 75 6e 63 68 69 6e 67 | 20 66 69 76 65 2d 6d 65 |aunching| five-me|
|000038b0| 67 61 74 6f 6e 20 6d 69 | 73 73 69 6c 65 73 2e 0d |gaton mi|ssiles..|
|000038c0| 0a 0d 0a 20 20 41 73 20 | 69 66 20 62 79 20 6d 61 |... As |if by ma|
|000038d0| 67 69 63 2c 20 74 68 69 | 63 6b 20 77 6f 6f 64 73 |gic, thi|ck woods|
|000038e0| 20 68 61 64 20 62 65 65 | 6e 20 74 6f 72 6e 20 64 | had bee|n torn d|
|000038f0| 6f 77 6e 2c 20 65 6d 70 | 74 79 20 66 69 65 6c 64 |own, emp|ty field|
|00003900| 73 0d 0a 77 65 72 65 20 | 63 6c 75 73 74 65 72 65 |s..were |clustere|
|00003910| 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 63 | 6f 6e 63 72 65 74 65 20 |d with c|oncrete |
|00003920| 6d 69 78 69 6e 67 20 70 | 6c 61 6e 74 73 2c 20 66 |mixing p|lants, f|
|00003930| 75 65 6c 20 74 61 6e 6b | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 65 |uel tank|s and me|
|00003940| 73 73 0d 0a 68 61 6c 6c | 73 2e 20 43 68 69 6c 6c |ss..hall|s. Chill|
|00003950| 69 6e 67 6c 79 20 63 6c | 65 61 72 20 74 6f 20 74 |ingly cl|ear to t|
|00003960| 68 65 20 65 78 70 65 72 | 74 20 65 79 65 20 77 65 |he exper|t eye we|
|00003970| 72 65 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 | 34 30 20 73 6c 69 6d 2c |re some |40 slim,|
|00003980| 0d 0a 35 32 2d 66 74 2e | 20 6d 65 64 69 75 6d 2d |..52-ft.| medium-|
|00003990| 72 61 6e 67 65 20 6d 69 | 73 73 69 6c 65 73 2c 20 |range mi|ssiles, |
|000039a0| 6d 61 6e 79 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 6d 20 61 6c 72 |many of |them alr|
|000039b0| 65 61 64 79 20 61 6e 67 | 6c 65 64 20 75 70 20 6f |eady ang|led up o|
|000039c0| 6e 0d 0a 74 68 65 69 72 | 20 6d 6f 62 69 6c 65 20 |n..their| mobile |
|000039d0| 6c 61 75 6e 63 68 65 72 | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 70 6f |launcher|s and po|
|000039e0| 69 6e 74 65 64 20 61 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 55 2e 53 |inted at| the U.S|
|000039f0| 2e 20 6d 61 69 6e 6c 61 | 6e 64 2e 20 57 69 74 68 |. mainla|nd. With|
|00003a00| 0d 0a 61 6e 20 65 73 74 | 69 6d 61 74 65 64 20 72 |..an est|imated r|
|00003a10| 61 6e 67 65 20 6f 66 20 | 31 2c 32 30 30 20 6d 69 |ange of |1,200 mi|
|00003a20| 6c 65 73 2c 20 74 68 65 | 73 65 20 6d 69 73 73 69 |les, the|se missi|
|00003a30| 6c 65 73 2c 20 61 72 6d | 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 0d |les, arm|ed with.|
|00003a40| 0a 6f 6e 65 2d 6d 65 67 | 61 74 6f 6e 20 77 61 72 |.one-meg|aton war|
|00003a50| 68 65 61 64 73 2c 20 63 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 72 65 61 |heads, c|ould rea|
|00003a60| 63 68 20 48 6f 75 73 74 | 6f 6e 2c 20 53 74 2e 20 |ch Houst|on, St. |
|00003a70| 4c 6f 75 69 73 2d 2d 6f | 72 0d 0a 57 61 73 68 69 |Louis--o|r..Washi|
|00003a80| 6e 67 74 6f 6e 2e 20 54 | 68 65 20 62 61 73 65 73 |ngton. T|he bases|
|00003a90| 20 77 65 72 65 20 6c 6f | 63 61 74 65 64 20 61 74 | were lo|cated at|
|00003aa0| 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 74 | 65 6e 20 73 70 6f 74 73 | about t|en spots|
|00003ab0| 2c 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 | 69 6e 67 0d 0a 53 61 67 |, includ|ing..Sag|
|00003ac0| 75 61 20 6c 61 20 47 72 | 61 6e 64 65 20 61 6e 64 |ua la Gr|ande and|
|00003ad0| 20 52 65 6d 65 64 69 6f | 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 | Remedio|s on the|
|00003ae0| 20 6e 6f 72 74 68 65 72 | 6e 20 63 6f 61 73 74 2c | norther|n coast,|
|00003af0| 20 61 6e 64 20 53 61 6e | 0d 0a 43 72 69 73 74 6f | and San|..Cristo|
|00003b00| 62 61 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 47 75 61 6e 61 6a 61 79 |bal and |Guanajay|
|00003b10| 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 77 65 73 74 65 72 6e 20 | on the |western |
|00003b20| 65 6e 64 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 69 73 6c 61 6e |end of t|he islan|
|00003b30| 64 2e 20 55 6e 64 65 72 | 0d 0a 63 6f 6e 73 74 72 |d. Under|..constr|
|00003b40| 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 | 65 72 65 20 61 20 68 61 |uction w|ere a ha|
|00003b50| 6c 66 2d 64 6f 7a 65 6e | 20 62 61 73 65 73 20 66 |lf-dozen| bases f|
|00003b60| 6f 72 20 32 2c 35 30 30 | 2d 6d 69 6c 65 20 6d 69 |or 2,500|-mile mi|
|00003b70| 73 73 69 6c 65 73 2c 0d | 0a 77 68 69 63 68 20 63 |ssiles,.|.which c|
|00003b80| 6f 75 6c 64 20 73 6d 61 | 73 68 20 55 2e 53 2e 20 |ould sma|sh U.S. |
|00003b90| 63 69 74 69 65 73 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 63 6f 61 73 |cities f|rom coas|
|00003ba0| 74 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 61 | 73 74 2e 20 49 6e 20 61 |t to coa|st. In a|
|00003bb0| 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 2c | 0d 0a 74 68 65 20 66 69 |ddition,|..the fi|
|00003bc0| 6c 6d 73 20 73 68 6f 77 | 65 64 20 74 68 61 74 20 |lms show|ed that |
|00003bd0| 74 68 65 20 52 75 73 73 | 69 61 6e 73 20 68 61 64 |the Russ|ians had|
|00003be0| 20 6d 6f 76 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 61 74 20 6c 65 61 | moved i|n at lea|
|00003bf0| 73 74 20 32 35 0d 0a 74 | 77 69 6e 2d 6a 65 74 20 |st 25..t|win-jet |
|00003c00| 62 6f 6d 62 65 72 73 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 63 6f 75 |bombers |that cou|
|00003c10| 6c 64 20 63 61 72 72 79 | 20 6e 75 63 6c 65 61 72 |ld carry| nuclear|
|00003c20| 20 62 6f 6d 62 73 2e 0d | 0a 0d 0a 20 20 42 75 74 | bombs..|... But|
|00003c30| 20 77 68 79 3f 20 4d 6f | 72 65 20 61 6e 64 20 6d | why? Mo|re and m|
|00003c40| 6f 72 65 20 69 6e 20 4b | 65 6e 6e 65 64 79 27 73 |ore in K|ennedy's|
|00003c50| 20 6d 69 6e 64 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 43 75 62 61 6e | mind, t|he Cuban|
|00003c60| 20 63 72 69 73 69 73 0d | 0a 62 65 63 61 6d 65 20 | crisis.|.became |
|00003c70| 6c 69 6e 6b 65 64 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 69 6d 70 65 |linked w|ith impe|
|00003c80| 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 63 72 | 69 73 69 73 20 69 6e 20 |nding cr|isis in |
|00003c90| 42 65 72 6c 69 6e 2d 2d | 61 6e 64 20 77 69 74 68 |Berlin--|and with|
|00003ca0| 20 61 6e 0d 0a 61 6c 6c | 2d 6f 75 74 20 4b 68 72 | an..all|-out Khr|
|00003cb0| 75 73 68 63 68 65 76 20 | 65 66 66 6f 72 74 20 74 |ushchev |effort t|
|00003cc0| 6f 20 75 70 73 65 74 20 | 74 68 65 20 65 6e 74 69 |o upset |the enti|
|00003cd0| 72 65 20 70 6f 77 65 72 | 20 62 61 6c 61 6e 63 65 |re power| balance|
|00003ce0| 20 6f 66 0d 0a 74 68 65 | 20 63 6f 6c 64 20 77 61 | of..the| cold wa|
|00003cf0| 72 2e 20 48 65 20 68 6f | 70 65 64 20 74 6f 20 70 |r. He ho|ped to p|
|00003d00| 72 65 73 65 6e 74 20 74 | 68 65 20 55 2e 53 2e 20 |resent t|he U.S. |
|00003d10| 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 66 | 61 69 74 20 61 63 63 6f |with a f|ait acco|
|00003d20| 6d 70 6c 69 2c 0d 0a 63 | 61 72 72 69 65 64 20 6f |mpli,..c|arried o|
|00003d30| 75 74 20 77 68 69 6c 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 55 2e 53 |ut while| the U.S|
|00003d40| 2e 20 77 61 73 20 74 6f | 74 61 6c 6c 79 20 70 72 |. was to|tally pr|
|00003d50| 65 6f 63 63 75 70 69 65 | 64 2d 2d 6f 72 20 73 6f |eoccupie|d--or so|
|00003d60| 2c 20 61 74 0d 0a 6c 65 | 61 73 74 2c 20 4b 68 72 |, at..le|ast, Khr|
|00003d70| 75 73 68 63 68 65 76 20 | 73 75 70 70 6f 73 65 64 |ushchev |supposed|
|00003d80| 2d 2d 77 69 74 68 20 69 | 74 73 20 75 70 63 6f 6d |--with i|ts upcom|
|00003d90| 69 6e 67 20 65 6c 65 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 20 49 |ing elec|tions. I|
|00003da0| 66 20 68 65 0d 0a 67 6f | 74 20 61 77 61 79 20 77 |f he..go|t away w|
|00003db0| 69 74 68 20 69 74 2c 20 | 68 65 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 |ith it, |he could|
|00003dc0| 20 70 72 65 73 75 6d 65 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 | presume| that th|
|00003dd0| 65 20 4b 65 6e 6e 65 64 | 79 0d 0a 41 64 6d 69 6e |e Kenned|y..Admin|
|00003de0| 69 73 74 72 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 77 61 73 20 73 6f |istratio|n was so|
|00003df0| 20 77 65 61 6b 20 61 6e | 64 20 66 65 61 72 66 75 | weak an|d fearfu|
|00003e00| 6c 20 74 68 61 74 20 68 | 65 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 20 |l that h|e could |
|00003e10| 74 61 6b 65 20 6f 76 65 | 72 0d 0a 42 65 72 6c 69 |take ove|r..Berli|
|00003e20| 6e 20 77 69 74 68 20 69 | 6d 70 75 6e 69 74 79 2e |n with i|mpunity.|
|00003e30| 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 4b 65 | 6e 6e 65 64 79 20 73 68 |.... Ke|nnedy sh|
|00003e40| 61 74 74 65 72 65 64 20 | 74 68 6f 73 65 20 69 6c |attered |those il|
|00003e50| 6c 75 73 69 6f 6e 73 2e | 20 48 65 20 64 69 64 20 |lusions.| He did |
|00003e60| 69 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 61 20 73 65 72 69 65 73 |it with |a series|
|00003e70| 20 6f 66 0d 0a 64 72 61 | 6d 61 74 69 63 20 64 65 | of..dra|matic de|
|00003e80| 63 69 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 73 77 69 |cisions |that swi|
|00003e90| 66 74 6c 79 20 62 72 6f | 75 67 68 74 20 74 68 65 |ftly bro|ught the|
|00003ea0| 20 55 2e 53 2e 20 74 6f | 20 61 20 73 68 6f 77 64 | U.S. to| a showd|
|00003eb0| 6f 77 6e 0d 0a 6e 6f 74 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 46 69 |own..not| with Fi|
|00003ec0| 64 65 6c 20 43 61 73 74 | 72 6f 20 62 75 74 20 77 |del Cast|ro but w|
|00003ed0| 69 74 68 20 4b 68 72 75 | 73 68 63 68 65 76 27 73 |ith Khru|shchev's|
|00003ee0| 20 6f 77 6e 20 53 6f 76 | 69 65 74 20 55 6e 69 6f | own Sov|iet Unio|
|00003ef0| 6e 2e 0d 0a 42 61 73 69 | 63 20 74 6f 20 74 68 6f |n...Basi|c to tho|
|00003f00| 73 65 20 64 65 63 69 73 | 69 6f 6e 73 20 77 65 72 |se decis|ions wer|
|00003f10| 65 20 74 77 6f 20 70 72 | 6f 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f |e two pr|opositio|
|00003f20| 6e 73 3a 0d 0a 0d 0a 3e | 3e 49 74 20 77 6f 75 6c |ns:....>|>It woul|
|00003f30| 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 | 20 65 6e 6f 75 67 68 20 |d not be| enough |
|00003f40| 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 | 52 75 73 73 69 61 6e 73 |for the |Russians|
|00003f50| 20 74 6f 20 68 61 6c 74 | 20 6d 69 73 73 69 6c 65 | to halt| missile|
|00003f60| 0d 0a 73 68 69 70 6d 65 | 6e 74 73 20 74 6f 20 43 |..shipme|nts to C|
|00003f70| 75 62 61 2e 20 49 6e 73 | 74 65 61 64 2c 20 61 6c |uba. Ins|tead, al|
|00003f80| 6c 20 6d 69 73 73 69 6c | 65 73 20 69 6e 20 43 75 |l missil|es in Cu|
|00003f90| 62 61 20 6d 75 73 74 20 | 62 65 0d 0a 64 69 73 6d |ba must |be..dism|
|00003fa0| 61 6e 74 6c 65 64 20 61 | 6e 64 20 72 65 6d 6f 76 |antled a|nd remov|
|00003fb0| 65 64 2e 20 49 66 20 6e | 65 63 65 73 73 61 72 79 |ed. If n|ecessary|
|00003fc0| 2c 20 74 68 65 20 55 2e | 53 2e 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 |, the U.|S. would|
|00003fd0| 20 72 65 6d 6f 76 65 20 | 74 68 65 6d 0d 0a 62 79 | remove |them..by|
|00003fe0| 20 69 6e 76 61 73 69 6f | 6e 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 3e 3e | invasio|n.....>>|
|00003ff0| 41 6e 79 20 61 67 67 72 | 65 73 73 69 76 65 20 61 |Any aggr|essive a|
|00004000| 63 74 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 | 43 75 62 61 20 77 6f 75 |ct from |Cuba wou|
|00004010| 6c 64 20 62 65 20 74 72 | 65 61 74 65 64 20 62 79 |ld be tr|eated by|
|00004020| 20 74 68 65 20 55 2e 53 | 2e 20 61 73 0d 0a 61 6e | the U.S|. as..an|
|00004030| 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b 20 | 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 53 | attack |by the S|
|00004040| 6f 76 69 65 74 20 55 6e | 69 6f 6e 20 69 74 73 65 |oviet Un|ion itse|
|00004050| 6c 66 2e 20 41 6e 64 20 | 74 68 65 20 55 2e 53 2e |lf. And |the U.S.|
|00004060| 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 0d 0a | 72 65 74 61 6c 69 61 74 | would..|retaliat|
|00004070| 65 20 61 67 61 69 6e 73 | 74 20 52 75 73 73 69 61 |e agains|t Russia|
|00004080| 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 75 64 64 65 6e | with th|e sudden|
|00004090| 20 61 6e 64 20 66 75 6c | 6c 20 66 6f 72 63 65 20 | and ful|l force |
|000040a0| 6f 66 20 69 74 73 0d 0a | 74 68 65 72 6d 6f 6e 75 |of its..|thermonu|
|000040b0| 63 6c 65 61 72 20 6d 69 | 67 68 74 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a |clear mi|ght.....|
|000040c0| 20 20 41 73 20 61 20 66 | 69 72 73 74 20 73 74 65 | As a f|irst ste|
|000040d0| 70 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 6f | 6e 6c 79 20 61 73 20 61 |p, and o|nly as a|
|000040e0| 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 73 | 74 65 70 2c 20 50 72 65 | first s|tep, Pre|
|000040f0| 73 69 64 65 6e 74 20 4b | 65 6e 6e 65 64 79 0d 0a |sident K|ennedy..|
|00004100| 64 65 63 69 64 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 69 6d 70 6f 73 |decided |to impos|
|00004110| 74 20 61 20 70 61 72 74 | 69 61 6c 20 62 6c 6f 63 |t a part|ial bloc|
|00004120| 6b 61 64 65 2c 20 6f 72 | 20 71 75 61 72 61 6e 74 |kade, or| quarant|
|00004130| 69 6e 65 2c 20 6f 6e 20 | 43 75 62 61 2c 0d 0a 73 |ine, on |Cuba,..s|
|00004140| 74 6f 70 70 69 6e 67 20 | 61 6c 6c 20 73 68 69 70 |topping |all ship|
|00004150| 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 6f 66 | 20 6f 66 66 65 6e 73 69 |ments of| offensi|
|00004160| 76 65 20 77 65 61 70 6f | 6e 73 2d 2d 67 72 6f 75 |ve weapo|ns--grou|
|00004170| 6e 64 2d 74 6f 2d 67 72 | 6f 75 6e 64 0d 0a 61 6e |nd-to-gr|ound..an|
|00004180| 64 20 61 69 72 2d 74 6f | 2d 67 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 |d air-to|-ground |
|00004190| 6d 69 73 73 69 6c 65 73 | 2c 20 77 61 72 68 65 61 |missiles|, warhea|
|000041a0| 64 73 2c 20 6d 69 73 73 | 69 6c 65 20 6c 61 75 6e |ds, miss|ile laun|
|000041b0| 63 68 69 6e 67 0d 0a 65 | 71 75 69 70 6d 65 6e 74 |ching..e|quipment|
|000041c0| 2c 20 62 6f 6d 62 65 72 | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 62 6f |, bomber|s and bo|
|000041d0| 6d 62 73 2e 20 57 68 65 | 6e 20 4b 65 6e 6e 65 64 |mbs. Whe|n Kenned|
|000041e0| 79 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 | 6d 61 64 65 20 6b 6e 6f |y first |made kno|
|000041f0| 77 6e 20 74 68 69 73 0d | 0a 70 6c 61 6e 2c 20 74 |wn this.|.plan, t|
|00004200| 68 65 72 65 20 77 65 72 | 65 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 63 |here wer|e some c|
|00004210| 6f 6d 70 6c 61 69 6e 74 | 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 |omplaint|s that i|
|00004220| 74 20 77 61 73 20 6e 6f | 74 20 65 6e 6f 75 67 68 |t was no|t enough|
|00004230| 2e 20 42 75 74 0d 0a 4b | 65 6e 6e 65 64 79 20 6d |. But..K|ennedy m|
|00004240| 65 61 6e 74 20 69 74 20 | 6f 6e 6c 79 20 74 6f 20 |eant it |only to |
|00004250| 67 69 76 65 20 4b 68 72 | 75 73 68 63 68 65 76 20 |give Khr|ushchev |
|00004260| 61 6e 20 6f 70 70 6f 72 | 74 75 6e 69 74 79 20 74 |an oppor|tunity t|
|00004270| 6f 20 74 68 69 6e 6b 0d | 0a 74 68 69 6e 67 73 20 |o think.|.things |
|00004280| 6f 76 65 72 3b 20 6d 6f | 72 65 20 70 72 65 63 69 |over; mo|re preci|
|00004290| 70 69 74 61 6e 74 20 61 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 62 79 |pitant a|ction by|
|000042a0| 20 74 68 65 20 55 2e 53 | 2e 2c 20 4b 65 6e 6e 65 | the U.S|., Kenne|
|000042b0| 64 79 20 66 65 6c 74 2c | 0d 0a 6d 69 67 68 74 20 |dy felt,|..might |
|000042c0| 63 61 75 73 65 20 4b 68 | 72 75 73 68 63 68 65 76 |cause Kh|rushchev|
|000042d0| 20 74 6f 20 6c 75 72 63 | 68 20 77 69 6c 64 6c 79 | to lurc|h wildly|
|000042e0| 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 6e 75 | 63 6c 65 61 72 20 77 61 | into nu|clear wa|
|000042f0| 72 2e 20 54 48 65 0d 0a | 64 65 63 69 73 69 6f 6e |r. THe..|decision|
|00004300| 20 74 6f 20 73 74 61 72 | 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 | to star|t with t|
|00004310| 68 65 20 71 75 61 72 61 | 6e 74 69 6e 65 20 61 6c |he quara|ntine al|
|00004320| 73 6f 20 67 61 76 65 20 | 74 68 65 20 55 2e 53 2e |so gave |the U.S.|
|00004330| 20 74 69 6d 65 0d 0a 74 | 6f 20 72 61 6c 6c 79 20 | time..t|o rally |
|00004340| 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 20 | 69 6e 20 4c 61 74 69 6e |support |in Latin|
|00004350| 20 41 6d 65 72 69 63 61 | 20 61 6e 64 20 66 6f 72 | America| and for|
|00004360| 65 73 74 61 6c 6c 20 63 | 72 69 74 69 63 69 73 6d |estall c|riticism|
|00004370| 20 74 68 61 74 0d 0a 45 | 75 72 6f 70 65 61 6e 73 | that..E|uropeans|
|00004380| 20 6d 69 67 68 74 20 68 | 61 76 65 20 64 69 72 65 | might h|ave dire|
|00004390| 63 74 65 64 20 61 74 20 | 61 6e 20 69 6d 6d 65 64 |cted at |an immed|
|000043a0| 69 61 74 65 20 69 6e 76 | 61 73 69 6f 6e 2e 0d 0a |iate inv|asion...|
|000043b0| 0d 0a 20 20 50 72 65 73 | 69 64 65 6e 74 20 4b 65 |.. Pres|ident Ke|
|000043c0| 6e 6e 65 64 79 20 61 6e | 6e 6f 75 6e 63 65 64 20 |nnedy an|nounced |
|000043d0| 68 69 73 20 64 65 63 69 | 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 6e |his deci|sions on|
|000043e0| 20 74 65 6c 65 76 69 73 | 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 61 | televis|ion to a|
|000043f0| 0d 0a 73 6f 6d 62 65 72 | 20 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |..somber| nation |
|00004400| 61 6e 64 20 66 6f 75 6e | 64 20 74 68 61 74 20 6e |and foun|d that n|
|00004410| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 76 | 65 72 77 68 65 6c 6d 69 |ation ov|erwhelmi|
|00004420| 6e 67 6c 79 20 62 65 68 | 69 6e 64 20 68 69 6d 2e |ngly beh|ind him.|
|00004430| 0d 0a 46 72 6f 6d 20 74 | 68 65 20 67 6f 76 65 72 |..From t|he gover|
|00004440| 6e 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 55 2e |nments o|f the U.|
|00004450| 53 2e 27 73 20 61 6c 6c | 69 65 73 20 69 6e 20 4e |S.'s all|ies in N|
|00004460| 41 54 4f 20 61 6e 64 20 | 53 45 41 54 4f 20 74 6f |ATO and |SEATO to|
|00004470| 6f 0d 0a 63 61 6d 65 20 | 73 74 72 6f 6e 67 2c 20 |o..came |strong, |
|00004480| 68 65 61 72 74 65 6e 69 | 6e 67 20 61 73 73 75 72 |hearteni|ng assur|
|00004490| 61 6e 63 65 73 20 6f 66 | 20 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 |ances of| support|
|000044a0| 2e 20 41 74 20 61 20 57 | 61 73 68 69 6e 67 74 6f |. At a W|ashingto|
|000044b0| 6e 0d 0a 6d 65 65 74 69 | 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |n..meeti|ng of th|
|000044c0| 65 20 4f 72 67 61 6e 69 | 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f |e Organi|zation o|
|000044d0| 66 20 41 6d 65 72 69 63 | 61 6e 20 53 74 61 74 65 |f Americ|an State|
|000044e0| 73 2c 20 74 68 65 20 64 | 65 6c 65 67 61 74 65 73 |s, the d|elegates|
|000044f0| 0d 0a 62 79 20 61 20 76 | 6f 74 65 20 6f 66 20 32 |..by a v|ote of 2|
|00004500| 30 20 74 6f 20 30 20 61 | 64 6f 70 74 65 64 20 61 |0 to 0 a|dopted a|
|00004510| 20 72 65 73 6f 6c 75 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 63 61 6c 6c | resolut|ion call|
|00004520| 69 6e 67 20 66 6f 72 20 | 74 68 65 0d 0a 22 69 6d |ing for |the.."im|
|00004530| 6d 65 64 69 61 74 65 20 | 64 69 73 6d 61 6e 74 6c |mediate |dismantl|
|00004540| 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 20 | 77 69 74 68 64 72 61 77 |ing and |withdraw|
|00004550| 61 6c 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 | 43 75 62 61 20 6f 66 20 |al from |Cuba of |
|00004560| 61 6c 6c 0d 0a 6d 69 73 | 73 69 6c 65 73 2e 22 0d |all..mis|siles.".|
|00004570| 0a 0d 0a 20 20 41 67 61 | 69 6e 73 74 20 74 68 69 |... Aga|inst thi|
|00004580| 73 20 73 75 72 67 65 20 | 6f 66 20 66 65 65 6c 69 |s surge |of feeli|
|00004590| 6e 67 2c 20 4b 68 72 75 | 73 68 63 68 65 76 20 72 |ng, Khru|shchev r|
|000045a0| 65 61 63 74 65 64 20 68 | 65 73 69 74 61 6e 74 6c |eacted h|esitantl|
|000045b0| 79 2e 0d 0a 54 77 65 6c | 76 65 20 68 6f 75 72 73 |y...Twel|ve hours|
|000045c0| 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 4b | 65 6e 6e 65 64 79 27 73 | after K|ennedy's|
|000045d0| 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 2c | 20 74 68 65 20 4b 72 65 | speech,| the Kre|
|000045e0| 6d 6c 69 6e 20 69 73 73 | 75 65 64 20 61 0d 0a 63 |mlin iss|ued a..c|
|000045f0| 61 75 74 69 6f 75 73 6c | 79 20 77 6f 72 64 65 64 |autiousl|y worded|
|00004600| 20 73 74 61 74 65 6d 65 | 6e 74 2e 20 54 68 65 6e | stateme|nt. Then|
|00004610| 20 4b 68 72 75 73 68 63 | 68 65 76 20 73 65 6e 74 | Khrushc|hev sent|
|00004620| 20 61 0d 0a 70 65 61 63 | 65 2d 72 61 74 74 6c 69 | a..peac|e-rattli|
|00004630| 6e 67 20 6d 65 73 73 61 | 67 65 20 74 6f 20 42 72 |ng messa|ge to Br|
|00004640| 69 74 69 73 68 20 50 61 | 63 69 66 69 73 74 20 42 |itish Pa|cifist B|
|00004650| 65 72 74 72 61 6e 64 20 | 52 75 73 73 65 6c 6c 2e |ertrand |Russell.|
|00004660| 0d 0a 4e 65 78 74 2c 20 | 4b 68 72 75 73 68 63 68 |..Next, |Khrushch|
|00004670| 65 76 20 67 72 61 73 70 | 65 64 20 65 61 67 65 72 |ev grasp|ed eager|
|00004680| 6c 79 20 61 74 20 61 20 | 73 75 67 67 65 73 74 69 |ly at a |suggesti|
|00004690| 6f 6e 20 62 79 20 55 20 | 54 68 61 6e 74 2c 0d 0a |on by U |Thant,..|
|000046a0| 41 63 74 69 6e 67 20 53 | 65 63 72 65 74 72 79 2d |Acting S|ecretry-|
|000046b0| 47 65 6e 65 72 61 6c 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 55 |General |of the U|
|000046c0| 6e 69 74 65 64 20 4e 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 66 |nited Na|tions, f|
|000046d0| 6f 72 20 61 20 74 77 6f | 20 6f 72 0d 0a 74 68 72 |or a two| or..thr|
|000046e0| 65 65 20 77 65 65 6b 73 | 20 22 73 75 73 70 65 6e |ee weeks| "suspen|
|000046f0| 73 69 6f 6e 2c 22 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 52 75 73 73 |sion," w|ith Russ|
|00004700| 69 61 20 68 61 6c 74 69 | 6e 67 20 6d 69 73 73 69 |ia halti|ng missi|
|00004710| 6c 65 20 73 68 69 70 6d | 65 6e 74 73 0d 0a 74 6f |le shipm|ents..to|
|00004720| 20 43 75 62 61 20 61 6e | 64 20 4b 65 6e 6e 65 64 | Cuba an|d Kenned|
|00004730| 79 20 6c 69 66 74 69 6e | 67 20 74 68 65 20 62 6c |y liftin|g the bl|
|00004740| 6f 63 6b 61 64 65 2e 20 | 4b 65 6e 6e 65 64 79 20 |ockade. |Kennedy |
|00004750| 70 6f 6c 69 74 65 6c 79 | 0d 0a 64 65 63 6c 69 6e |politely|..declin|
|00004760| 65 64 2c 20 77 72 69 74 | 69 6e 67 20 55 20 54 68 |ed, writ|ing U Th|
|00004770| 61 6e 74 3a 20 22 54 68 | 65 20 65 78 69 73 74 69 |ant: "Th|e existi|
|00004780| 6e 67 20 74 68 72 65 61 | 74 20 77 61 73 20 63 72 |ng threa|t was cr|
|00004790| 65 61 74 65 64 20 62 79 | 0d 0a 74 68 65 20 73 65 |eated by|..the se|
|000047a0| 63 72 65 74 20 69 6e 74 | 72 6f 64 75 63 74 69 6f |cret int|roductio|
|000047b0| 6e 20 6f 66 20 6f 66 66 | 65 6e 73 69 76 65 20 77 |n of off|ensive w|
|000047c0| 65 61 70 6f 6e 73 20 69 | 6e 74 6f 20 43 75 62 61 |eapons i|nto Cuba|
|000047d0| 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 | 65 0d 0a 61 6e 73 77 65 |, and th|e..answe|
|000047e0| 72 20 6c 69 65 73 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 |r lies i|n the re|
|000047f0| 6d 6f 76 61 6c 20 6f 66 | 20 73 75 63 68 20 77 65 |moval of| such we|
|00004800| 61 70 6f 6e 73 2e 22 0d | 0a 0d 0a 20 20 42 75 74 |apons.".|... But|
|00004810| 20 4b 68 72 75 73 68 63 | 68 65 76 20 68 61 64 20 | Khrushc|hev had |
|00004820| 6f 6e 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 | 20 74 72 69 63 6b 20 75 |one more| trick u|
|00004830| 70 20 68 69 73 20 73 6c | 65 65 76 65 2e 20 48 65 |p his sl|eeve. He|
|00004840| 20 6f 66 66 65 72 65 64 | 0d 0a 74 6f 20 74 61 6b | offered|..to tak|
|00004850| 65 20 68 69 73 20 6d 69 | 73 73 69 6c 65 20 62 61 |e his mi|ssile ba|
|00004860| 73 65 73 20 6f 75 74 20 | 6f 66 20 43 75 62 61 20 |ses out |of Cuba |
|00004870| 69 66 20 74 68 65 20 55 | 2e 53 2e 20 77 6f 75 6c |if the U|.S. woul|
|00004880| 64 0d 0a 64 69 73 6d 61 | 6e 74 6c 65 20 69 74 73 |d..disma|ntle its|
|00004890| 20 6d 69 73 73 69 6c 65 | 20 62 61 73 65 73 20 69 | missile| bases i|
|000048a0| 6e 20 54 75 72 6b 65 79 | 2e 20 57 69 74 68 20 61 |n Turkey|. With a|
|000048b0| 20 73 70 65 65 64 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 6d 75 73 74 | speed t|hat must|
|000048c0| 0d 0a 68 61 76 65 20 62 | 65 77 69 6c 64 65 72 65 |..have b|ewildere|
|000048d0| 64 20 4b 68 72 75 73 68 | 63 68 65 76 2c 20 74 68 |d Khrush|chev, th|
|000048e0| 65 20 50 72 65 73 69 64 | 65 6e 74 20 72 65 66 75 |e Presid|ent refu|
|000048f0| 73 65 64 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a | 20 20 54 68 61 74 20 64 |sed.....| That d|
|00004900| 69 64 20 69 74 2e 20 45 | 61 72 6c 79 20 53 75 6e |id it. E|arly Sun|
|00004910| 64 61 79 20 6d 6f 72 6e | 69 6e 67 20 63 61 6d 65 |day morn|ing came|
|00004920| 20 74 68 65 20 77 6f 72 | 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 4d | the wor|d from M|
|00004930| 6f 73 63 6f 77 0d 0a 52 | 61 64 69 6f 20 74 68 61 |oscow..R|adio tha|
|00004940| 74 20 4b 68 72 75 73 68 | 63 68 65 76 20 68 61 64 |t Khrush|chev had|
|00004950| 20 73 65 6e 74 20 61 20 | 6e 65 77 20 6d 65 73 73 | sent a |new mess|
|00004960| 61 67 65 20 74 6f 20 4b | 65 6e 6e 65 64 79 2e 20 |age to K|ennedy. |
|00004970| 49 6e 20 69 74 2c 0d 0a | 4b 68 72 75 73 68 63 68 |In it,..|Khrushch|
|00004980| 65 76 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c | 61 69 6e 65 64 20 61 62 |ev compl|ained ab|
|00004990| 6f 75 74 20 61 20 55 2d | 32 20 66 6c 69 67 68 74 |out a U-|2 flight|
|000049a0| 20 6f 76 65 72 20 52 75 | 73 73 69 61 20 6f 6e 20 | over Ru|ssia on |
|000049b0| 4f 63 74 2e 20 32 38 2c | 0d 0a 67 72 6f 75 73 65 |Oct. 28,|..grouse|
|000049c0| 64 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 | 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 |d about |the cont|
|000049d0| 69 6e 75 69 6e 67 20 22 | 76 69 6f 6c 61 74 69 6f |inuing "|violatio|
|000049e0| 6e 22 20 6f 66 20 43 75 | 62 61 6e 20 61 69 72 73 |n" of Cu|ban airs|
|000049f0| 70 61 63 65 2e 20 42 75 | 74 2c 0d 0a 68 65 20 73 |pace. Bu|t,..he s|
|00004a00| 61 69 64 2c 20 68 65 20 | 68 61 64 20 6e 6f 74 65 |aid, he |had note|
|00004a10| 64 20 4b 65 6e 6e 65 64 | 79 27 73 20 61 73 73 75 |d Kenned|y's assu|
|00004a20| 72 61 6e 63 65 73 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 6e 6f 20 69 |rances t|hat no i|
|00004a30| 6e 76 61 73 69 6f 6e 20 | 6f 66 0d 0a 43 75 62 61 |nvasion |of..Cuba|
|00004a40| 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 74 | 61 6b 65 20 70 6c 61 63 | would t|ake plac|
|00004a50| 65 20 69 66 20 61 6c 6c | 20 6f 66 66 65 6e 73 69 |e if all| offensi|
|00004a60| 76 65 20 77 65 61 70 6f | 6e 73 20 77 65 72 65 20 |ve weapo|ns were |
|00004a70| 72 65 6d 6f 76 65 64 2e | 0d 0a 48 65 6e 63 65 2c |removed.|..Hence,|
|00004a80| 20 77 72 6f 74 65 20 4b | 68 72 75 73 68 63 68 65 | wrote K|hrushche|
|00004a90| 76 2c 20 74 68 65 20 53 | 6f 76 69 65 74 20 47 6f |v, the S|oviet Go|
|00004aa0| 76 65 72 6e 6d 65 6e 74 | 20 68 61 64 20 22 69 73 |vernment| had "is|
|00004ab0| 73 75 65 64 20 61 20 6e | 65 77 0d 0a 6f 72 64 65 |sued a n|ew..orde|
|00004ac0| 72 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 64 69 73 6d 61 6e |r for th|e disman|
|00004ad0| 74 6c 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 77 65 61 |tling of| the wea|
|00004ae0| 70 6f 6e 73 2c 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 79 6f 75 20 |pons, wh|ich you |
|00004af0| 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 | 20 61 73 0d 0a 6f 66 66 |describe| as..off|
|00004b00| 65 6e 73 69 76 65 2c 20 | 74 68 65 69 72 20 63 72 |ensive, |their cr|
|00004b10| 61 74 69 6e 67 20 61 6e | 64 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e |ating an|d return|
|00004b20| 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 74 | 68 65 20 53 6f 76 69 65 |ing to t|he Sovie|
|00004b30| 74 20 55 6e 69 6f 6e 2e | 22 0d 0a 46 69 6e 61 6c |t Union.|"..Final|
|00004b40| 6c 79 2c 20 68 65 20 6f | 66 66 65 72 65 64 20 74 |ly, he o|ffered t|
|00004b50| 6f 20 6c 65 74 20 55 6e | 69 74 65 64 20 4e 61 74 |o let Un|ited Nat|
|00004b60| 69 6f 6e 73 20 72 65 70 | 72 65 73 65 6e 74 61 74 |ions rep|resentat|
|00004b70| 69 76 65 73 20 76 65 72 | 69 66 79 0d 0a 74 68 65 |ives ver|ify..the|
|00004b80| 20 72 65 6d 6f 76 61 6c | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | removal| of the |
|00004b90| 6d 69 73 73 69 6c 65 73 | 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 |missiles|....... |
|00004ba0| 20 5b 57 69 74 68 20 64 | 65 66 65 61 74 2c 20 63 | [With d|efeat, c|
|00004bb0| 6f 75 70 6c 65 64 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 |oupled w|ith the |
|00004bc0| 73 74 65 61 64 79 20 77 | 6f 72 73 65 6e 69 6e 67 |steady w|orsening|
|00004bd0| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 70 6c 69 74 0d 0a 62 | of the |split..b|
|00004be0| 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 53 6f 76 69 65 |etween t|he Sovie|
|00004bf0| 74 20 61 6e 64 20 43 68 | 69 6e 65 73 65 20 43 6f |t and Ch|inese Co|
|00004c00| 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 74 20 | 63 61 6d 70 73 2c 20 63 |mmunist |camps, c|
|00004c10| 61 6d 65 20 61 20 63 68 | 61 6e 67 65 0d 0a 6f 66 |ame a ch|ange..of|
|00004c20| 20 61 74 74 69 74 75 64 | 65 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 | attitud|e on the|
|00004c30| 20 70 61 72 74 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 53 6f 76 | part of| the Sov|
|00004c40| 69 65 74 73 2e 20 57 69 | 74 68 69 6e 20 6d 6f 6e |iets. Wi|thin mon|
|00004c50| 74 68 73 2c 20 61 6c 6c | 20 77 61 73 0d 0a 63 6f |ths, all| was..co|
|00004c60| 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 |operatio|n at the|
|00004c70| 20 61 72 6d 73 20 74 61 | 6c 6b 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 | arms ta|lks, and|
|00004c80| 20 61 20 70 61 72 74 69 | 61 6c 20 74 65 73 74 2d | a parti|al test-|
|00004c90| 62 61 6e 20 74 72 65 61 | 74 79 20 77 61 73 0d 0a |ban trea|ty was..|
|00004ca0| 6e 65 67 6f 74 69 61 74 | 65 64 2e 5d 0d 0a 0d 0a |negotiat|ed.]....|
|00004cb0| 28 41 75 67 75 73 74 20 | 32 2c 20 31 39 36 33 29 |(August |2, 1963)|
|00004cc0| 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 41 72 | 6f 75 6e 64 20 61 20 67 |.... Ar|ound a g|
|00004cd0| 72 65 65 6e 20 62 61 69 | 7a 65 20 74 61 62 6c 65 |reen bai|ze table|
|00004ce0| 20 73 61 74 20 55 2e 53 | 2e 20 53 65 63 72 65 74 | sat U.S|. Secret|
|00004cf0| 61 72 79 20 66 6f 72 20 | 50 6f 6c 69 74 69 63 61 |ary for |Politica|
|00004d00| 6c 0d 0a 41 66 66 61 69 | 72 73 20 57 2e 20 41 76 |l..Affai|rs W. Av|
|00004d10| 65 72 65 6c 6c 20 48 61 | 72 72 69 6d 61 6e 2c 20 |erell Ha|rriman, |
|00004d20| 42 72 69 74 69 73 68 20 | 53 63 69 65 6e 63 65 20 |British |Science |
|00004d30| 4d 69 6e 69 73 74 65 72 | 20 4c 6f 72 64 0d 0a 48 |Minister| Lord..H|
|00004d40| 61 69 6c 73 68 61 6d 20 | 61 6e 64 20 52 75 73 73 |ailsham |and Russ|
|00004d50| 69 61 27 73 20 46 6f 72 | 65 69 67 6e 20 4d 69 6e |ia's For|eign Min|
|00004d60| 69 73 74 65 72 20 41 6e | 64 72 65 69 20 47 72 6f |ister An|drei Gro|
|00004d70| 6d 79 6b 6f 2e 20 41 74 | 20 65 61 63 68 0d 0a 6d |myko. At| each..m|
|00004d80| 61 6e 27 73 20 65 6c 62 | 6f 77 20 77 61 73 20 61 |an's elb|ow was a|
|00004d90| 20 63 6f 70 79 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 61 67 72 | copy of| the agr|
|00004da0| 65 65 6d 65 6e 74 2c 20 | 69 6e 69 74 69 61 6c 65 |eement, |initiale|
|00004db0| 64 20 61 20 66 65 77 20 | 6d 69 6e 75 74 65 73 0d |d a few |minutes.|
|00004dc0| 0a 65 61 72 6c 69 65 72 | 2d 2d 57 41 48 2c 20 48 |.earlier|--WAH, H|
|00004dd0| 20 61 6e 64 20 41 54 2e | 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 54 68 | and AT.|.... Th|
|00004de0| 65 20 61 74 6d 6f 73 70 | 68 65 72 65 20 77 61 73 |e atmosp|here was|
|00004df0| 20 6a 6f 76 69 61 6c 2e | 20 22 4c 65 74 20 75 73 | jovial.| "Let us|
|00004e00| 20 70 72 65 74 65 6e 64 | 20 77 65 20 61 72 65 20 | pretend| we are |
|00004e10| 64 69 73 63 75 73 73 69 | 6e 67 0d 0a 73 6f 6d 65 |discussi|ng..some|
|00004e20| 74 68 69 6e 67 2c 22 20 | 73 61 69 64 20 41 54 20 |thing," |said AT |
|00004e30| 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 | 62 65 6e 65 66 69 74 20 |for the |benefit |
|00004e40| 6f 66 20 70 68 6f 74 6f | 67 72 61 70 68 65 72 73 |of photo|graphers|
|00004e50| 2e 0d 0a 56 6f 6c 75 6e | 74 65 65 72 65 64 20 48 |...Volun|teered H|
|00004e60| 3a 20 22 49 27 6c 6c 20 | 6d 61 6b 65 20 6d 79 20 |: "I'll |make my |
|00004e70| 66 61 6d 6f 75 73 20 73 | 70 65 65 63 68 20 69 6e |famous s|peech in|
|00004e80| 20 52 75 73 73 69 61 6e | 2e 22 20 48 65 0d 0a 67 | Russian|." He..g|
|00004e90| 72 69 6e 6e 65 64 20 62 | 75 74 20 73 61 69 64 20 |rinned b|ut said |
|00004ea0| 6e 6f 74 68 69 6e 67 2c | 20 73 69 6e 63 65 20 68 |nothing,| since h|
|00004eb0| 65 20 73 70 65 61 6b 73 | 20 6e 6f 20 52 75 73 73 |e speaks| no Russ|
|00004ec0| 69 61 6e 2e 20 53 75 64 | 64 65 6e 6c 79 0d 0a 66 |ian. Sud|denly..f|
|00004ed0| 69 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 61 | 20 6d 69 63 72 6f 70 68 |inding a| microph|
|00004ee0| 6f 6e 65 20 69 6e 20 66 | 72 6f 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 |one in f|ront of |
|00004ef0| 68 69 73 20 66 61 63 65 | 2c 20 57 41 48 20 64 65 |his face|, WAH de|
|00004f00| 63 6c 61 72 65 64 3a 20 | 22 54 68 65 0d 0a 74 72 |clared: |"The..tr|
|00004f10| 65 61 74 79 20 69 73 20 | 61 20 76 65 72 79 20 69 |eaty is |a very i|
|00004f20| 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 6e 74 | 20 73 74 65 70 20 66 6f |mportant| step fo|
|00004f30| 72 77 61 72 64 20 69 6e | 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 72 65 |rward in| many re|
|00004f40| 73 70 65 63 74 73 2e 20 | 49 74 0d 0a 70 72 6f 76 |spects. |It..prov|
|00004f50| 69 64 65 73 20 74 68 65 | 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 69 |ides the| possibi|
|00004f60| 6c 69 74 79 20 6f 66 20 | 66 75 72 74 68 65 72 20 |lity of |further |
|00004f70| 73 74 65 70 73 2e 22 0d | 0a 0d 0a 20 20 54 68 65 |steps.".|... The|
|00004f80| 20 62 69 67 2c 20 75 6e | 61 6e 73 77 65 72 65 64 | big, un|answered|
|00004f90| 20 61 6e 64 20 66 6f 72 | 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 65 | and for| the pre|
|00004fa0| 73 65 6e 74 20 75 6e 61 | 6e 73 77 65 72 61 62 6c |sent una|nswerabl|
|00004fb0| 65 20 71 75 65 73 74 69 | 6f 6e 0d 0a 69 73 20 77 |e questi|on..is w|
|00004fc0| 68 65 72 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 66 75 72 74 68 65 72 |here the| further|
|00004fd0| 20 73 74 65 70 73 20 6d | 61 79 20 6c 65 61 64 2e | steps m|ay lead.|
|00004fe0| 20 49 74 20 6d 61 79 20 | 6f 72 20 6d 61 79 20 6e | It may |or may n|
|00004ff0| 6f 74 20 62 65 20 61 0d | 0a 6d 61 6a 6f 72 20 74 |ot be a.|.major t|
|00005000| 75 72 6e 69 6e 67 20 70 | 6f 69 6e 74 20 69 6e 20 |urning p|oint in |
|00005010| 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6c 64 | 20 77 61 72 2e 20 47 69 |the cold| war. Gi|
|00005020| 76 65 6e 20 61 6c 6c 20 | 74 68 65 20 62 69 74 74 |ven all |the bitt|
|00005030| 65 72 0d 0a 6d 65 6d 6f | 72 69 65 73 20 6f 66 20 |er..memo|ries of |
|00005040| 43 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 | 74 20 64 65 63 65 69 74 |Communis|t deceit|
|00005050| 20 61 6e 64 20 62 72 6f | 6b 65 6e 20 70 6c 65 64 | and bro|ken pled|
|00005060| 67 65 73 2c 20 61 6c 6c | 20 74 68 65 20 70 61 73 |ges, all| the pas|
|00005070| 74 0d 0a 22 70 65 61 63 | 65 20 6f 66 66 65 6e 73 |t.."peac|e offens|
|00005080| 69 76 65 73 22 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 |ives" th|at only |
|00005090| 73 65 72 76 65 64 20 74 | 6f 20 61 67 67 72 61 76 |served t|o aggrav|
|000050a0| 61 74 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 62 61 74 74 6c 65 2c 20 |ate the |battle, |
|000050b0| 6e 6f 0d 0a 6f 6e 65 20 | 63 61 6e 20 64 69 73 63 |no..one |can disc|
|000050c0| 6f 75 6e 74 20 74 68 65 | 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 69 |ount the| possibi|
|000050d0| 6c 69 74 79 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 74 65 |lity tha|t the te|
|000050e0| 73 74 20 62 61 6e 20 61 | 67 72 65 65 6d 65 6e 74 |st ban a|greement|
|000050f0| 0d 0a 77 69 6c 6c 20 6f | 6e 6c 79 20 73 65 72 76 |..will o|nly serv|
|00005100| 65 20 74 6f 20 67 69 76 | 65 20 74 68 65 20 52 75 |e to giv|e the Ru|
|00005110| 73 73 69 61 6e 73 20 61 | 20 62 72 65 61 74 68 65 |ssians a| breathe|
|00005120| 72 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 69 72 0d 0a 73 74 72 75 |r in the|ir..stru|
|00005130| 67 67 6c 65 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 74 68 65 20 57 65 |ggle wit|h the We|
|00005140| 73 74 2c 20 74 6f 20 62 | 65 20 72 65 73 75 6d 65 |st, to b|e resume|
|00005150| 64 20 6c 61 74 65 72 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 65 76 65 |d later |with eve|
|00005160| 6e 20 6d 6f 72 65 0d 0a | 66 65 72 6f 63 69 74 79 |n more..|ferocity|
|00005170| 2e 20 53 74 69 6c 6c 2c | 20 74 68 65 20 65 76 69 |. Still,| the evi|
|00005180| 64 65 6e 63 65 20 70 6f | 69 6e 74 73 20 74 6f 20 |dence po|ints to |
|00005190| 61 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 68 | 6f 70 65 66 75 6c 0d 0a |a more h|opeful..|
|000051a0| 69 6e 74 65 72 70 72 65 | 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 0d |interpre|tation..|
|000051b0| 0a 0d 0a 20 20 54 68 65 | 20 4d 6f 73 63 6f 77 20 |... The| Moscow |
|000051c0| 61 67 72 65 65 6d 65 6e | 74 20 69 74 73 65 6c 66 |agreemen|t itself|
|000051d0| 20 69 73 20 73 69 6d 70 | 6c 65 2d 2d 73 6f 6d 65 | is simp|le--some|
|000051e0| 20 66 65 65 6c 20 74 6f | 6f 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 | feel to|o simple|
|000051f0| 2e 0d 0a 49 6e 20 38 30 | 30 20 72 65 66 72 65 73 |...In 80|0 refres|
|00005200| 68 69 6e 67 6c 79 20 62 | 72 69 65 66 20 77 6f 72 |hingly b|rief wor|
|00005210| 64 73 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 55 2e 53 2e 2c 20 42 72 |ds, the |U.S., Br|
|00005220| 69 74 61 69 6e 20 61 6e | 64 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 53 |itain an|d the..S|
|00005230| 6f 76 69 65 74 20 55 6e | 69 6f 6e 20 61 67 72 65 |oviet Un|ion agre|
|00005240| 65 20 74 6f 20 22 70 72 | 6f 68 69 62 69 74 2c 20 |e to "pr|ohibit, |
|00005250| 74 6f 20 70 72 65 76 65 | 6e 74 20 61 6e 64 20 6e |to preve|nt and n|
|00005260| 6f 74 20 74 6f 20 63 61 | 72 72 79 20 6f 75 74 0d |ot to ca|rry out.|
|00005270| 0a 61 6e 79 20 6e 75 63 | 6c 65 61 72 20 77 65 61 |.any nuc|lear wea|
|00005280| 70 6f 6e 73 20 74 65 73 | 74 20 65 78 70 6c 6f 73 |pons tes|t explos|
|00005290| 69 6f 6e 20 6f 72 20 61 | 6e 79 20 6f 74 68 65 72 |ion or a|ny other|
|000052a0| 20 6e 75 63 6c 65 61 72 | 0d 0a 65 78 70 6c 6f 73 | nuclear|..explos|
|000052b0| 69 6f 6e 22 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 61 74 6d 6f |ion" in |the atmo|
|000052c0| 73 70 68 65 72 65 2c 20 | 6f 75 74 65 72 20 73 70 |sphere, |outer sp|
|000052d0| 61 63 65 20 6f 72 20 75 | 6e 64 65 72 20 77 61 74 |ace or u|nder wat|
|000052e0| 65 72 2c 20 74 68 65 0d | 0a 74 72 65 61 74 79 20 |er, the.|.treaty |
|000052f0| 74 6f 20 62 65 20 6f 66 | 20 22 69 6e 64 65 66 69 |to be of| "indefi|
|00005300| 6e 69 74 65 20 64 75 72 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 22 0d |nite dur|ation.".|
|00005310| 0a 0d 0a 20 20 54 68 65 | 20 62 69 67 67 65 73 74 |... The| biggest|
|00005320| 20 73 69 67 6e 69 66 69 | 63 61 6e 63 65 20 6f 66 | signifi|cance of|
|00005330| 20 74 68 65 20 74 72 65 | 61 74 79 20 69 73 20 70 | the tre|aty is p|
|00005340| 72 6f 62 61 62 6c 79 20 | 73 79 6d 62 6f 6c 69 63 |robably |symbolic|
|00005350| 2e 0d 0a 48 69 73 74 6f | 72 79 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 |...Histo|ry will |
|00005360| 6e 6f 74 65 2c 20 61 66 | 74 65 72 20 61 6c 6c 2c |note, af|ter all,|
|00005370| 20 74 68 61 74 20 59 65 | 61 72 20 32 31 20 6f 66 | that Ye|ar 21 of|
|00005380| 20 74 68 65 20 41 74 6f | 6d 69 63 20 41 67 65 0d | the Ato|mic Age.|
|00005390| 0a 68 61 64 20 62 72 6f | 75 67 68 74 20 61 20 72 |.had bro|ught a r|
|000053a0| 65 61 63 68 69 6e 67 20 | 6f 75 74 2c 20 68 6f 77 |eaching |out, how|
|000053b0| 65 76 65 72 20 67 75 61 | 72 64 65 64 2c 20 61 63 |ever gua|rded, ac|
|000053c0| 72 6f 73 73 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 68 61 73 6d 2c 0d |ross the| chasm,.|
|000053d0| 0a 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 | 73 74 20 63 6f 6e 63 72 |.the fir|st concr|
|000053e0| 65 74 65 20 6d 6f 76 65 | 2c 20 68 6f 77 65 76 65 |ete move|, howeve|
|000053f0| 72 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c 2c | 20 62 79 20 62 6f 74 68 |r small,| by both|
|00005400| 20 45 61 73 74 20 61 6e | 64 20 57 65 73 74 0d 0a | East an|d West..|
|00005410| 74 6f 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 | 6f 6c 20 74 68 65 20 74 |to contr|ol the t|
|00005420| 68 6f 75 67 68 74 2d 64 | 65 66 79 69 6e 67 20 66 |hought-d|efying f|
|00005430| 6f 72 63 65 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 68 61 64 20 62 65 |orce tha|t had be|
|00005440| 65 6e 20 75 6e 62 6f 75 | 6e 64 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 |en unbou|nd..... |
|00005450| 20 42 65 74 77 65 65 6e | 20 74 68 65 6d 2c 20 74 | Between| them, t|
|00005460| 68 65 20 74 68 72 65 65 | 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 20 6e |he three| major n|
|00005470| 75 63 6c 65 61 72 20 70 | 6f 77 65 72 73 20 68 61 |uclear p|owers ha|
|00005480| 64 20 73 65 74 20 6f 66 | 66 20 34 32 35 0d 0a 61 |d set of|f 425..a|
|00005490| 6e 6e 6f 75 6e 63 65 64 | 20 74 65 73 74 20 62 6c |nnounced| test bl|
|000054a0| 61 73 74 73 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 35 34 35 20 6d 65 |asts wit|h 545 me|
|000054b0| 67 61 74 6f 6e 73 20 6f | 66 20 64 65 73 74 72 75 |gatons o|f destru|
|000054c0| 63 74 69 6f 6e 2d 2d 6d | 6f 72 65 0d 0a 74 68 61 |ction--m|ore..tha|
|000054d0| 6e 20 65 6e 6f 75 67 68 | 20 74 6f 20 64 65 73 74 |n enough| to dest|
|000054e0| 72 6f 79 20 63 69 76 69 | 6c 69 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e |roy civi|lization|
|000054f0| 2e 20 46 6f 72 20 31 35 | 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 6f |. For 15| years o|
|00005500| 66 0d 0a 6e 65 72 76 65 | 2d 72 61 63 6b 69 6e 67 |f..nerve|-racking|
|00005510| 20 63 6f 6c 64 20 77 61 | 72 20 61 6e 64 20 66 69 | cold wa|r and fi|
|00005520| 76 65 20 79 65 61 72 73 | 20 6f 66 20 66 75 74 69 |ve years| of futi|
|00005530| 6c 65 2c 20 66 72 75 73 | 74 72 61 74 69 6e 67 0d |le, frus|trating.|
|00005540| 0a 6e 65 67 6f 74 69 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 66 |.negotia|tions, f|
|00005550| 65 61 72 20 61 6e 64 20 | 72 65 61 73 6f 6e 20 68 |ear and |reason h|
|00005560| 61 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 | 65 65 6e 20 65 6e 6f 75 |ad not b|een enou|
|00005570| 67 68 20 74 6f 20 68 61 | 6c 74 20 74 68 65 0d 0a |gh to ha|lt the..|
|00005580| 77 65 61 70 6f 6e 73 20 | 72 61 63 65 2e 20 54 68 |weapons |race. Th|
|00005590| 65 20 74 65 73 74 20 62 | 61 6e 2c 20 74 68 6f 75 |e test b|an, thou|
|000055a0| 67 68 20 69 74 20 6d 61 | 79 20 61 63 63 6f 6d 70 |gh it ma|y accomp|
|000055b0| 6c 69 73 68 20 6c 69 74 | 74 6c 65 0d 0a 65 6c 73 |lish lit|tle..els|
|000055c0| 65 2c 20 61 74 20 6c 65 | 61 73 74 20 73 75 67 67 |e, at le|ast sugg|
|000055d0| 65 73 74 73 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 66 65 61 72 20 61 |ests tha|t fear a|
|000055e0| 6e 64 20 72 65 61 73 6f | 6e 2c 20 74 68 6f 73 65 |nd reaso|n, those|
|000055f0| 20 65 6d 69 6e 65 6e 74 | 6c 79 0d 0a 63 6f 6e 73 | eminent|ly..cons|
|00005600| 74 72 75 63 74 69 76 65 | 20 66 6f 72 63 65 73 2c |tructive| forces,|
|00005610| 20 63 61 6e 20 73 74 69 | 6c 6c 20 6f 70 65 72 61 | can sti|ll opera|
|00005620| 74 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 73 6f 6d 65 20 73 75 63 |te with |some suc|
|00005630| 63 65 73 73 20 69 6e 0d | 0a 68 75 6d 61 6e 20 61 |cess in.|.human a|
|00005640| 66 66 61 69 72 73 2e 0d | 0a 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 5b |ffairs..|..... [|
|00005650| 57 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 | 20 74 65 73 74 2d 62 61 |With the| test-ba|
|00005660| 6e 20 74 72 65 61 74 79 | 2c 20 74 68 65 20 70 61 |n treaty|, the pa|
|00005670| 6c 6c 20 6f 76 65 72 20 | 74 68 65 20 77 6f 72 6c |ll over |the worl|
|00005680| 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 | 68 65 0d 0a 74 68 72 65 |d from t|he..thre|
|00005690| 61 74 20 6f 66 20 6e 75 | 63 6c 65 61 72 20 61 6e |at of nu|clear an|
|000056a0| 6e 69 68 69 6c 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 72 65 63 65 64 |nihilati|on reced|
|000056b0| 65 64 20 64 65 63 69 73 | 69 76 65 6c 79 2c 20 6e |ed decis|ively, n|
|000056c0| 65 76 65 72 20 73 69 6e | 63 65 0d 0a 74 68 65 6e |ever sin|ce..then|
|000056d0| 20 74 6f 20 6c 69 65 20 | 73 6f 20 68 65 61 76 69 | to lie |so heavi|
|000056e0| 6c 79 20 6f 76 65 72 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 75 70 65 |ly over |the supe|
|000056f0| 72 70 6f 77 65 72 73 27 | 20 64 65 6c 69 62 65 72 |rpowers'| deliber|
|00005700| 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 0d | 0a 0d 0a 20 20 4e 69 6b |ations..|... Nik|
|00005710| 69 74 61 20 4b 68 72 75 | 73 68 63 68 65 76 20 70 |ita Khru|shchev p|
|00005720| 61 69 64 20 74 68 65 20 | 70 72 69 63 65 20 66 6f |aid the |price fo|
|00005730| 72 20 68 69 73 20 6d 69 | 73 74 61 6b 65 73 20 61 |r his mi|stakes a|
|00005740| 20 79 65 61 72 0d 0a 6c | 61 74 65 72 2e 20 55 6e | year..l|ater. Un|
|00005750| 6c 69 6b 65 20 68 69 73 | 20 70 72 65 64 65 63 65 |like his| predece|
|00005760| 73 73 6f 72 73 2c 20 68 | 6f 77 65 76 65 72 2c 20 |ssors, h|owever, |
|00005770| 68 65 20 77 61 73 20 6e | 6f 74 20 74 72 69 65 64 |he was n|ot tried|
|00005780| 2c 0d 0a 69 6d 70 72 69 | 73 6f 6e 65 64 20 6f 72 |,..impri|soned or|
|00005790| 20 6d 75 72 64 65 72 65 | 64 2e 20 48 65 20 6c 69 | murdere|d. He li|
|000057a0| 76 65 64 20 69 6e 20 73 | 65 63 6c 75 73 69 6f 6e |ved in s|eclusion|
|000057b0| 20 6f 6e 20 68 69 73 20 | 64 61 63 68 61 20 75 6e | on his |dacha un|
|000057c0| 74 69 6c 0d 0a 68 69 73 | 20 64 65 61 74 68 20 69 |til..his| death i|
|000057d0| 6e 20 31 39 37 31 2e 5d | 0d 0a 0d 0a 28 4f 63 74 |n 1971.]|....(Oct|
|000057e0| 6f 62 65 72 20 32 33 2c | 20 31 39 36 34 29 0d 0a |ober 23,| 1964)..|
|000057f0| 0d 0a 20 20 53 68 6f 72 | 74 6c 79 20 61 66 74 65 |.. Shor|tly afte|
|00005800| 72 20 6d 69 64 6e 69 67 | 68 74 2c 20 54 61 73 73 |r midnig|ht, Tass|
|00005810| 20 74 65 72 73 65 6c 79 | 20 61 6e 6e 6f 75 6e 63 | tersely| announc|
|00005820| 65 64 20 69 74 2e 20 4e | 69 6b 69 74 61 0d 0a 4b |ed it. N|ikita..K|
|00005830| 68 72 75 73 68 63 68 65 | 76 20 68 61 64 20 62 65 |hrushche|v had be|
|00005840| 65 6e 20 22 72 65 6c 65 | 61 73 65 64 22 20 66 72 |en "rele|ased" fr|
|00005850| 6f 6d 20 61 6c 6c 20 68 | 69 73 20 64 75 74 69 65 |om all h|is dutie|
|00005860| 73 20 22 61 74 20 68 69 | 73 20 6f 77 6e 0d 0a 72 |s "at hi|s own..r|
|00005870| 65 71 75 65 73 74 22 20 | 66 6f 72 20 72 65 61 73 |equest" |for reas|
|00005880| 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 22 | 61 67 65 20 61 6e 64 20 |ons of "|age and |
|00005890| 64 65 74 65 72 69 6f 72 | 61 74 69 6e 67 20 68 65 |deterior|ating he|
|000058a0| 61 6c 74 68 2e 22 20 48 | 69 73 0d 0a 73 75 63 63 |alth." H|is..succ|
|000058b0| 65 73 73 6f 72 73 20 77 | 65 72 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 |essors w|ere name|
|000058c0| 64 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6f | 6e 67 72 61 74 75 6c 61 |d and co|ngratula|
|000058d0| 74 65 64 3a 20 4c 65 6f | 6e 69 64 20 42 72 65 7a |ted: Leo|nid Brez|
|000058e0| 68 6e 65 76 2c 20 35 37 | 2c 0d 0a 53 65 63 72 65 |hnev, 57|,..Secre|
|000058f0| 74 61 72 79 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 43 65 6e 74 |tary of |the Cent|
|00005900| 72 61 6c 20 43 6f 6d 6d | 69 74 74 65 65 2c 20 61 |ral Comm|ittee, a|
|00005910| 6e 64 20 41 6c 65 6b 65 | 73 69 20 4b 6f 73 79 67 |nd Aleke|si Kosyg|
|00005920| 69 6e 2c 20 36 30 2c 20 | 77 68 6f 0d 0a 68 61 64 |in, 60, |who..had|
|00005930| 20 73 65 72 76 65 64 20 | 61 73 20 46 69 72 73 74 | served |as First|
|00005940| 20 44 65 70 75 74 79 20 | 50 72 65 6d 69 65 72 2e | Deputy |Premier.|
|00005950| 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 45 78 | 61 63 74 6c 79 20 68 6f |.... Ex|actly ho|
|00005960| 77 20 69 74 20 68 61 70 | 70 65 6e 65 64 20 6d 69 |w it hap|pened mi|
|00005970| 67 68 74 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 62 65 20 63 6c 65 61 72 |ght not |be clear|
|00005980| 20 66 6f 72 20 77 65 65 | 6b 73 20 6f 72 0d 0a 6d | for wee|ks or..m|
|00005990| 6f 6e 74 68 73 2c 20 6f | 72 20 69 6e 64 65 65 64 |onths, o|r indeed|
|000059a0| 20 65 76 65 72 2c 20 62 | 75 74 20 74 68 65 20 6f | ever, b|ut the o|
|000059b0| 66 66 69 63 69 61 6c 20 | 61 6e 6e 6f 75 6e 63 65 |fficial |announce|
|000059c0| 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 61 64 | 64 65 64 20 75 70 0d 0a |ments ad|ded up..|
|000059d0| 74 6f 20 74 68 69 73 20 | 6d 75 63 68 3a 20 74 68 |to this |much: th|
|000059e0| 65 72 65 20 68 61 64 20 | 62 65 65 6e 20 74 77 6f |ere had |been two|
|000059f0| 20 6d 65 65 74 69 6e 67 | 73 2c 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f | meeting|s, one o|
|00005a00| 66 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f | 77 65 72 66 75 6c 0d 0a |f the po|werful..|
|00005a10| 31 37 30 2d 6d 65 6d 62 | 65 72 20 43 65 6e 74 72 |170-memb|er Centr|
|00005a20| 61 6c 20 43 6f 6d 6d 69 | 74 74 65 65 2c 20 77 68 |al Commi|ttee, wh|
|00005a30| 69 63 68 20 75 73 75 61 | 6c 6c 79 20 63 6f 6e 76 |ich usua|lly conv|
|00005a40| 65 6e 65 73 20 69 6e 20 | 61 0d 0a 63 72 61 6d 70 |enes in |a..cramp|
|00005a50| 65 64 20 4b 72 65 6d 6c | 69 6e 20 63 6f 6e 66 65 |ed Kreml|in confe|
|00005a60| 72 65 6e 63 65 20 72 6f | 6f 6d 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |rence ro|om, and |
|00005a70| 74 68 65 20 6f 74 68 65 | 72 20 6e 65 78 74 20 64 |the othe|r next d|
|00005a80| 61 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 0d 0a 33 30 2d 6d 65 |ay of th|e..30-me|
|00005a90| 6d 62 65 72 20 50 72 65 | 73 69 64 69 75 6d 20 6f |mber Pre|sidium o|
|00005aa0| 66 20 74 68 65 20 53 75 | 70 72 65 6d 65 20 53 6f |f the Su|preme So|
|00005ab0| 76 69 65 74 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 69 6e 66 65 72 65 |viet. Th|e infere|
|00005ac0| 6e 63 65 20 77 61 73 0d | 0a 74 68 61 74 20 4b 68 |nce was.|.that Kh|
|00005ad0| 72 75 73 68 63 68 65 76 | 20 68 61 64 20 62 65 65 |rushchev| had bee|
|00005ae0| 6e 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e | 74 20 61 74 20 62 6f 74 |n presen|t at bot|
|00005af0| 68 20 73 65 73 73 69 6f | 6e 73 2e 20 41 74 20 74 |h sessio|ns. At t|
|00005b00| 68 65 0d 0a 43 65 6e 74 | 72 61 6c 20 43 6f 6d 6d |he..Cent|ral Comm|
|00005b10| 69 74 74 65 65 20 6d 65 | 65 74 69 6e 67 2c 20 4d |ittee me|eting, M|
|00005b20| 69 6b 68 61 69 6c 20 53 | 75 73 6c 6f 76 2c 20 61 |ikhail S|uslov, a|
|00005b30| 6e 20 69 64 65 6f 6c 6f | 67 75 65 20 77 68 6f 20 |n ideolo|gue who |
|00005b40| 68 61 64 0d 0a 6f 6e 63 | 65 20 62 65 65 6e 20 61 |had..onc|e been a|
|00005b50| 20 53 74 61 6c 69 6e 69 | 73 74 20 62 75 74 20 68 | Stalini|st but h|
|00005b60| 61 73 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 | 72 65 63 65 6e 74 6c 79 |as more |recently|
|00005b70| 20 73 65 72 76 65 64 20 | 61 73 0d 0a 4b 68 72 75 | served |as..Khru|
|00005b80| 73 68 63 68 65 76 27 73 | 20 70 6f 6c 65 6d 69 63 |shchev's| polemic|
|00005b90| 61 6c 20 68 61 74 63 68 | 65 74 20 6d 61 6e 20 69 |al hatch|et man i|
|00005ba0| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 | 67 68 74 20 77 69 74 68 |n the fi|ght with|
|00005bb0| 20 50 65 6b 69 6e 67 2c | 0d 0a 72 65 61 64 20 61 | Peking,|..read a|
|00005bc0| 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 63 6f 6e | speech |that con|
|00005bd0| 74 61 69 6e 65 64 20 74 | 68 65 20 70 61 72 74 79 |tained t|he party|
|00005be0| 27 73 20 61 63 63 75 73 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 |'s accus|ations a|
|00005bf0| 67 61 69 6e 73 74 0d 0a | 4e 69 6b 69 74 61 2d 2d |gainst..|Nikita--|
|00005c00| 20 6e 65 70 6f 74 69 73 | 6d 2c 20 66 6f 73 74 65 | nepotis|m, foste|
|00005c10| 72 69 6e 67 20 61 20 70 | 65 72 73 6f 6e 61 6c 69 |ring a p|ersonali|
|00005c20| 74 79 20 63 75 6c 74 2c | 20 61 6e 64 20 65 72 72 |ty cult,| and err|
|00005c30| 6f 72 73 20 6f 66 0d 0a | 70 6f 6c 69 63 79 20 74 |ors of..|policy t|
|00005c40| 6f 77 61 72 64 20 43 68 | 69 6e 61 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a |oward Ch|ina.....|
|00005c50| 20 20 42 6f 74 68 20 42 | 72 65 7a 68 6e 65 76 20 | Both B|rezhnev |
|00005c60| 61 6e 64 20 4b 6f 73 79 | 67 69 6e 20 77 65 72 65 |and Kosy|gin were|
|00005c70| 20 68 61 6e 64 70 69 63 | 6b 65 64 20 62 79 20 4e | handpic|ked by N|
|00005c80| 69 6b 69 74 61 20 74 6f | 0d 0a 62 75 74 74 72 65 |ikita to|..buttre|
|00005c90| 73 73 20 68 69 73 20 64 | 6f 6d 61 69 6e 2c 20 61 |ss his d|omain, a|
|00005ca0| 6e 64 20 63 6f 6e 73 65 | 71 75 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 |nd conse|quently |
|00005cb0| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 70 | 61 73 74 20 74 68 65 79 |in the p|ast they|
|00005cc0| 0d 0a 72 65 70 72 65 73 | 65 6e 74 65 64 20 6d 61 |..repres|ented ma|
|00005cd0| 6e 79 20 6f 66 20 68 69 | 73 20 6f 77 6e 20 69 64 |ny of hi|s own id|
|00005ce0| 65 61 73 20 61 6e 64 20 | 6d 65 74 68 6f 64 73 2e |eas and |methods.|
|00005cf0| 20 4f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 66 61 63 65 20 6f 66 0d | On the |face of.|
|00005d00| 0a 69 74 2c 20 74 68 65 | 79 20 6e 6f 77 20 73 74 |.it, the|y now st|
|00005d10| 61 6e 64 20 66 6f 72 20 | 22 4b 68 72 75 73 68 63 |and for |"Khrushc|
|00005d20| 68 65 76 69 73 6d 22 20 | 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 |hevism" |without |
|00005d30| 4b 68 72 75 73 68 63 68 | 65 76 2d 2d 74 68 65 0d |Khrushch|ev--the.|
|00005d40| 0a 73 61 6d 65 20 73 68 | 6f 77 20 72 75 6e 20 6d |.same sh|ow run m|
|00005d50| 6f 72 65 20 73 6d 61 72 | 74 6c 79 2c 20 6d 6f 72 |ore smar|tly, mor|
|00005d60| 65 20 63 61 72 65 66 75 | 6c 6c 79 2c 20 77 69 74 |e carefu|lly, wit|
|00005d70| 68 20 74 68 65 20 6f 6c | 64 0d 0a 69 72 72 69 74 |h the ol|d..irrit|
|00005d80| 61 6e 74 20 6f 75 74 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 77 |ant out |of the w|
|00005d90| 61 79 2e 1a 0d 0a 0d 0a | |ay......| |
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+